宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛与从业人员呼吸系统症状的相关性

Correlation between formaldehyde in the air of hotels and respiratory symptoms of employees

目的了解我国宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛污染现状以及与从业人员呼吸系统症状之间的相关性。方法依据全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目实施方案采集2016—2021年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团的10472家宾馆(酒店)空气样本,对从业人员进行问卷调查,了解基本情况和呼吸系统不适症状。共收集问卷108330份。率的比较采用卡方检验,相关性分析采用Logistic回归分析。结果2016—2021年我国宾馆(酒店)从业人员以女性为主,男女比例为1∶5,呼吸系统自报症状阳性率为16.26%(17612/108330),不同人口学特征的从业人员呼吸系统自报症状阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2016—2021年,我国宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛浓度M(P 25,P 75)为0.033(0.020,0.060)mg/m 3;不同年份之间宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛检出超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=193.68,P<0.001)。多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,女性、大专及以上、工龄≥6 a,每日工作时长≥6 h、吸烟、饮酒、装修、通风较差、甲醛浓度>0.10 mg/m 3是宾馆(酒店)从业人员呼吸系统健康的危险因素,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.30(1.23,1.37)、1.29(1.18,1.42)、1.17(1.13,1.22)、2.77(1.71,4.51)、1.20(1.12,1.29)、1.90(1.81,1.99)、1.15(1.11,1.19)、3.69(3.54,3.84)、1.11(1.04,1.19)。结论宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛污染与从业人员呼吸系统自报症状之间存在正相关关系,同时应关注不同人口学特征及行为因素等对健康的影响。

Objective To investigate the current status of formaldehyde pollution in the air of hotels in China and its correlation with respiratory symptoms of hotel employees.Methods According to the National Health Risk Factor Surveillance Program in Public Places,air samples from 10472 hotels were collected to test from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2016 to 2021,and a questionnaire survey was performed for employees to collect the basic information and symptoms of respiratory discomforts.A total of 108330 questionaires were collected.The chi-square test was used for comparison of rates,and the logistic regression analysis were used for correlation analysis.Results From 2016 to 2021,the majority of hotel employees in China were female,with a male/female ratio of 1∶5.The rate of self-reported respiratory symptoms among the employees was 16.26%(17612/108330)and there was a significant difference in the positive rate of self-reported respiratory symptoms among the employees with different demographic features(P<0.001).From 2016 to 2021,the median concentration(P 25,P 75)of the formaldehyde in the air of hotels in China was 0.033(0.020,0.060)mg/m 3.There was a significant difference in the unqualified rate of formaldehyde in the air of hotels among different years(χ2=193.68,P<0.001).The multivariate logistic regression showed that female,college degree or above,working years≥6,daily working hours≥6,smoking,drinking,decoration,poor ventilation,and formaldehyde concentration above 0.10 mg/m 3 were risk factors for respiratory health of hotel employees and the odds ratio and 95%confidence interval were 1.30(1.23,1.37),1.29(1.18,1.42),1.17(1.13,1.22),2.77(1.71,4.51),1.20(1.12,1.29),1.90(1.81,1.99),1.15(1.11,1.19),3.69(3.54,3.84),and 1.11(1.04,1.19),respectively.Conclusion There was a positive correlation between formaldehyde pollution in the air of hotels and self-reported respiratory symptoms of employees.At the same time,attention should be paid to the impact of different demographic characteristics and behavioral factors on health.