铝灰替代含铝乳化炸药中铝粉的可行性研究

Feasibility Study on Substitution of Aluminum Powder in Aluminized Emulsion Explosive with Aluminum Ash

采用工业制铝过程中产生的废弃副产物铝灰作为铝粉的替代物来制备乳化炸药,能够有效地降低含铝乳化炸药的制备成本,同时也是对于铝灰的一种新型节能回收利用方式。使用TGA-FTIR联用热分析、铅柱压缩法、爆破漏斗法、电测法及高低温循环等方法对新型铝灰替代含铝乳化炸药的热安全性、爆轰性能及储存稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:添加质量分数10%一次铝灰制备所得的乳化炸药,与普通含铝乳化炸药的热分解性能差异较小,且较基础乳化炸药的做功能力方面有较大幅度的提高,爆破容积提高约50%,而猛度、爆速及机械感度等性能无明显差距;在储存稳定性方面,与添加铝粉的乳化炸药和基础乳化炸药性能差距较小。铝灰替代铝粉制备含铝乳化炸药具有可行性。

Aluminum ash,the waste by-product produced in the process of industrial aluminum production,is used as a substitute for aluminum to make emulsified explosive.It can effectively reduce the production cost of emulsified explosive containing aluminum,and it is also a new way of energy saving and recycling of aluminum ash.Thermal safety,detonation performance and storage stability of the new type of aluminum-ash emulsion explosive were studied by TGA-FTIR thermal analysis,lead column compression,blasting funnel method,electrical measurement and high and low temperature cycle.Results show that the thermal decomposition performance of the emulsion explosive prepared by adding 10%(mass fraction)primary aluminum ash has little difference from that of the ordinary aluminized emulsion explosive.In addition,compared with the ordinary emulsion explosive,the work capacity of the emulsion explosive with aluminum ash has been greatly improved,and the blasting volume has been increased by about 50%,while there is no obvious difference in the performance of the strength,detonation speed and mechanical sensitivity.There is little difference between the storage stability of emulsion explosive with aluminum ash and that of emulsion explosive with aluminum powder or that of ordinary emulsion explosive.It is feasible to prepare aluminum-containing emulsion explosive with aluminum ash instead of aluminum powder.