基于红外相机监测的白马雪山保护区北段鸟兽多样性初探

Preliminary Study of Infrared Cameras for Bird and Animal Diversity in the Northern Section of Baima Snow Mountain Reserve

为掌握白马雪山保护区北段的鸟兽多样性,给保护区资源保护工作及保护策略的制定提供基础数据。于2021年4月至2022年4月,在白马雪山保护区北段沿海拔梯度布设30台红外相机,海拔范围为2423~3626 m。红外相机累计工作26065个相机工作日,共拍摄到27604张照片,记录到1009张兽类和鸟类的独立有效照片,监测到兽类5目13科19种,鸟类3目5科10种;监测到国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物3种、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物12种,并有4个物种被IUCN红色名录列为受威胁物种(濒危3种,易危1种)。通过分析野生动物的相对丰富度、位点发生率、活动节律、沿海拔梯度的活动频率、人为干扰情况等,发现了该片区野生动物的生存受放牧干扰因素的影响,同时存在野生动物和牲畜交叉感染传染疫病的风险。为此,提出了保护区应出台相关规定,减少放牧干扰,提倡圈养,给村民提供部分饲料或引导发展其他生态产业的建议,以减少对放牧的依赖。

This study aims to master the diversity of birds and animals in the northern section of Baima Snow Mountain Reserve,so as to provide data support for the conservation of resources and the formulation of conservation strategies.30 infrared cameras were deployed in the northern section of Baima Snow Mountain Reserve from April 2021 to April 2022 at altitude of 2423~3626 m.The infrared camera has worked for 26065 camera working days,and 27604 photos have been taken;1009 independent and effective photos of animals and birds have been recorded.There are 19 species of 5 orders and 13 families of beasts,10 species of 3 orders and 5 families of birds;3 species of national classⅡkey protected wildlife and 12 species of national classⅡkey protected wildlife were monitored,and 4 species were listed as threatened by the IUCN Red List(3 endangered species and 1 vulnerable species).By analyzing the relative abundance of wildlife,loci occurrence,activity rhythm,activity frequency along the elevation gradient,and human interference,it was found that the survival of wildlife in this area is affected by grazing disturbance factors,and there is also a risk of cross-infection of wildlife and livestock with infectious diseases.Therefore,the reserve should introduce relevant regulations to reduce grazing disturbance,advocate captive breeding,and provide some fodder to villagers or guide the development of other ecological industries to reduce the reliance on grazing.