国产雪茄烟挥发性成分质量分数和组成差异

Differences in mass fractions and compositions of volatile components in domestic cigars

为明确国产雪茄烟挥发性成分质量分数和组成的差异,采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对4家企业生产的12款雪茄烟样品进行挥发性成分测定,并采用单因素方差分析和聚类分析法分析相关数据。结果表明:①12款国产雪茄烟中共检出42种挥发性成分,包括9种醇类、4种醛类、2种酯类、5种酸类、11种酮类、9种杂环类及2种其他类化合物。②12款国产雪茄烟共同含有的植醇、棕榈酸乙酯、苯甲酸、金合欢基丙酮、巨豆三烯酮、新植二烯、烟碱、麦斯明和2,3'-联吡啶等挥发性成分,可能是国产雪茄烟主要挥发性成分的组成。③大部分挥发性成分在12款雪茄烟间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),部分挥发性成分具有地方特征,如山东生产企业样品中金合欢基丙酮的质量分数普遍较高、四川生产企业样品中植醇和生物碱的质量分数普遍较高、安徽生产企业样品中香叶基丙酮的质量分数普遍较高、α-松油醇和葑醇在湖北生产企业样品中均有检出等。④以42种挥发性成分质量分数数据进行聚类分析,聚类分析结果与生物碱质量分数差异性分析结果一致,是否可以利用生物碱组成与质量分数进行雪茄烟生产企业区分还有待进一步验证。

In order to investigate the differences in mass fractions and compositions of volatile components in domestic cigars,headspace-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS)were used to determine the volatile components in 12 cigar samples of different specifications produced by four Chinese manufacturers,and the obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA(analysis of variance)and cluster analysis.The results showed that:1)A total of 42 volatile components were detected in the 12 samples,including 9 alcohols,4 aldehydes,2 esters,5 acids,11 ketones,9 heterocyclic compounds,and 2 other compounds.2)All of the 12 cigar samples contained phytol,ethyl palmitate,benzoic acid,farnesyl acetone,megastigmatrienone,neophytadiene,nicotine,myosmine,2,3'-bipyridine,etc.,which might represent the main volatile components of domestic cigars.3)The mass fractions of most volatile components differed significantly among the 12 samples(P<0.05),and some of the volatile components had local characteristics.For example,the mass fraction of farnesyl ketone was generally higher in Shandong cigar samples,those of phytol and alkaloid were generally higher in Sichuan cigar samples,that of geranyl acetone was generally higher in Anhui cigar samples,andα-terpineol and fenchyl alcohol were detected in all Hubei cigar samples.4)The results of cluster analysis for mass fractions of the 42 volatile components were consistent with those of difference analysis for alkaloid mass fractions.Whether the compositions and mass fractions of alkaloids can be used to distinguish cigar manufacturers still needs to be further verified.