张岱年对董仲舒“天人合一”思想的评析

Zhang Dainian’s View on Dong Zhongshu’s Thought of “Unity of Nature and Man”

“天人合一”是中国传统哲学的一个经典理念,也是中华文化的优秀传统。“天人相类”是西汉大儒董仲舒对先秦时代“天人合一”思想的一种时代表达,也是中国传统哲学“天人合一”思想发展中的一个重要环节或重要组成部分。张岱年在研究中国传统哲学“天人合一”思想过程中,对董仲舒“天人相类”思想的评价总是用“粗陋形式”“非常粗浅”“牵强附会”“穿凿附会”等概念来表达;他认为,董仲舒思想总体上属于唯心主义哲学范畴,具有浓厚的宗教迷信色彩,但也不可忽视其中的唯物主义和辩证思维的合理因素。与对中国传统哲学“天人合一”思想的肯定性评价不同,张岱年对董仲舒“天人相类”思想作出了中肯性评价。

The“unity of nature and man”is a classic concept of Chinese traditional philosophy and an excellent tradition of Chinese culture.The concept of“alikeness between man and nature”is a contemporary expression of Dong Zhongshu,a great scholar of West Han Dynasty,to the thought of the“unity of nature and man”in Pre-Qin times,and it is also an important link or part in the development of the thought of the“unity of nature and man”.In the process of studying this concept,Zhang Dainian always chooses such words of“crude in form”,“very superficial”,“far-fetched”and“insincere”to express his evaluation.He believes that Dong Zhongshu’s thought generally belongs to the category of idealistic philosophy,with strong religious superstition,but its rational factors of materialism and dialectical thinking cannot be ignored.Different from the positive evaluation,Zhang Daiian gave a relatively critical one to Dong Zhongshu’s thought of“alikeness between man and nature”.