陆九渊的觉民行道功夫及其人生境界

Lu Jiuyuan’s Tactic in“Ruling the World Peacefully”by Realizing the Conscience of the Public and His Life Realm

陆九渊肯定宇宙和自我的贯通性,强调主体之心是对宇宙的映照和认识,宇宙是心之主体所扩充的广度和维度。他推崇主体之心在联结自我和宇宙之间的作用,通过主动发明、创造本心来达到万物一体的圣贤纯一境界。他反对割裂人、事、物、理之间的联系,强调它们之间的统一性和联系性,肯定了心外无物、万物一体的观点,打通了事物自身条理、社会伦理和人生境界的联结通道。其功夫多有针砭时弊的实践意义,陆九渊反对人们陷入追名逐利、徇情纵欲的泥潭中,提出发明本心的易简功夫,尤其是扩充内心的担当意识和道德责任。针对滞于言语、口谈虚论、强探力索的做法,他提出了进德修业则日充日明、冰释理顺的观点,认为知识并不必然导人向善,首先要确立人之为人的根本,才能驾驭知识导向善的结果,最终成为仁义之人,达到纯一之境和圣贤之境。

Lu Jiuyuan affirmed the connection between the universe and self,stressing the mind of subject is the reflection and understanding of the universe,and the universe is the extension and dimension of the mind.He advocated the role of the mind in connecting the self and the universe,and through the active invention and creation of the mind one could achieve a realm of sages and perfections.Meanwhile,He opposed the separation of the connection between people,things and reason,emphasized the unity and connection between them,affirmed the view that there is nothing outside the mind and all things are one,and opened up the connection channel between the order of things,social ethics and the realm of life.There is practical significance in criticizing the shortcomings of the times in his tactics.He opposed people falling into the mire of pursuing fame and profit,sacrificing their feelings and indulging in lust,and put forward the simple way of inventing the original mind,especially to expand their sense of responsibility and moral responsibility.In view of the practice of stagnating in words,talking falsely,and probing hard,he insisted learning morality and practice make people more enlightened and more reasonable and knowledge does not necessarily lead people to good.Most importantly,one needs to establish the basis of human nature to hold up the idea of knowledge leading to good,become a person of benevolence and righteousness finally,and then reach the realm of purity and sages.