湖泊水库水质季节性变化特征分析技术进展

Progress in Analysis Technology of Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Lake and Reservoir Water Quality

湖泊水库直接影响人们的生产和生活,其水质具有显著季节性变化特性。为准确表征湖泊水库水体水质特性,现有表征指标和分析技术的繁杂给表征方法的选取造成较大难度。为此,分析了国内外湖泊水库水体水质相关研究主题进展,归纳了常用描述水库水质相关参数类型及范围,总结了对应的分析指标与常用技术种类及特征。主要研究结果表明,与水质相关的主要指标类型包括基础类、富营养化类、生物类、重金属类和微污染物类,而基础类指标中的pH和碱度能反映无机碳循环,属于目前重点关注项目之一。富营养化指标中,氮和磷等营养元素及其比值为重要参数之外,太阳辐照和藻类生产力水平,也成为重要评估参数之一。对于主要指标类型,多以实现无人值守条件下的仪器在线自动检测为发展方向。该综述可以为湖泊水体生态环境保护研究和安全用水技术的深度开发提供借鉴。

Lakes and reservoirs directly affect people's production and life,and their water quality has significant seasonal change characteristics.To accurately characterize the water quality characteristics of lakes and reservoirs,the complexity of existing characterization indicators and analysis technologies makes it difficult to select characterization methods.Therefore,this paper analyzes the progress of related research topics on water quality of lakes and reservoirs at home and abroad,summarizes the types and ranges of commonly used parameters to describe water quality of reservoirs,and summarizes the corresponding analysis indicators and the types and characteristics of commonly used technologies.The main research results show that the main indicators related to water quality include basic,eutrophic,biological,heavy metal and micro pollutants,and the pH and alkalinity in the basic indicators can reflect the inorganic carbon cycle,which is one of the key projects at present.In the eutrophication index,in addition to the nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus and their ratios,the solar irradiation and the algae productivity level also become one of the important evaluation parameters.For the main indicator types,the development direction is to realize the on-line automatic detection of instruments under unattended conditions.This review can provide reference for the study of ecological environment protection of lake water and the deep development of safe water use technology.