岩藻多糖对断奶羔羊瘤胃微生物区系及代谢组学的影响

Effects of Fucoidan on Rumen Microflora and Metabolomics of Weaned Lambs

本试验旨在研究岩藻多糖对断奶羔羊瘤胃微生物区系及代谢组学的影响。选用60只60日龄平均体重为(12.5±0.5) kg的健康断奶羔羊(川中黑山羊),随机分为4组,每组15只。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.1%(F1组)、0.3%(F2组)和0.5%(F3组)的岩藻多糖。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,F2、F3组的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量显著升高(P<0.05),F1、F2、F3组的料重比显著降低(P <0.05)。2)与CON组相比,F1、F2、F3组的瘤胃pH和乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸含量及乙酸/丙酸显著升高(P<0.05),F2、F3组的瘤胃丙酸含量显著升高(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,与CON组相比,F1、F2、F3组的瘤胃中疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05);F1、F3组的瘤胃中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)、螺旋菌门(Spirochaetes)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。在属水平上,与CON组相比,F1、F3组的瘤胃中未明确分类的BS11属(unspecified_BS11)、未明确分类的RF16属(unspecified_RF16)和未明确分类的S24_7属(unspecified_S24_7)的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),未明确分类的毛螺菌科(unspecified_Lachnospiraceae)和未明确分类的韦荣式球菌科(unspecified_Veillonellaceae)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。4)代谢组学结果显示,正离子模式下,与CON组相比,F1、F2、F3组的瘤胃中碳水化合物类、肽类、核酸类及激素和递质类代谢物含量显著降低(P<0.05),有机酸类、维生素和辅助因子类、固醇类及脂类代谢物含量显著升高(P<0.05)。负离子模式下,与CON组相比,F1、F2、F3组的瘤胃中固醇类及激素和递质类代谢物含量显著降低(P<0.05),其他类代谢物含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,岩藻多糖改善了断奶羔羊瘤胃发酵以及瘤胃微生物菌群多样性与相对丰度,影响了瘤胃代谢物和代谢通路。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fucoidan on rumen microflora and metabolomics of weaned lambs.Sixty healthy 60-day-old weaned lambs(Chuanzhong black goat)with similar body weight of(12.5±0.5)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 lambs in each group.Lambs in control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet,and others in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1%(F1 group),0.3%(F2 group)and 0.5%(F3 group)fucoidan,respectively.The re-experimental period lasted for 7 days,and the experimental period lasted for 30 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the CON group,the final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of F2 and F3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio of F1,F2 and F3 groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)Compared with the CON group,the rumen pH and of acetic acid,butyric acid and isobutyric acid contents and acetic acid/propionic acid of F1,F2 and F3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the rumen propionic acid content of F2 and F3 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)At phyla levels,compared with the CON group,the rumen Verrucomicrobia relative abundance of F1,F2 and F3 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05);the rumen Bacteroidetes relative abundance of F1 and F3 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the Actinobacteria,Euryarchaeota and Spirochaetes relative abundances were significantly decreased(P<0.05).At genera levels,compared with the CON group,the relative abundances of unspecified_BS11,unspecified_RF16 and unspecified_S24_7 in rumen of F1 and F3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the unspecified_Lachnospiraceaea and unspecified_Veillonellaceae were significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)The metabolomics results showed that in the positive ion mode,compared with the CON group,the rumen metabolite contents of carbohydrates,peptides,nucleic acids and hormones and transmitters of F1,F2 and F3 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the metabolite contents of organic acids,vitamins and cofactors,steroids and lipids were significantly increased(P<0.05).In the negative ion mode,compared with the CON group,the rumen metabolite contents of steroids and hormones and transmitters of F1,F2 and F3 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and other metabolite contents were significantly increased(P<0.05).It is concluded that the fucoidan can improve the rumen fermentation and rumen microbial flora diversity and relative abundance of weaned lambs,and affect the rumen metabolites and metabolic pathways.