假病毒发展现状及其在包膜病毒研究中的应用

Development status of pseudovirus and its application in enveloped virus research

假病毒(pseudovirus)是一种被人为删除关键毒力基因、截短病毒基因3’端的长末端重复序列且丧失致病力的缺陷型病毒。假病毒核衣壳部分与野生型病毒一致,但包膜蛋白可替换为高传染性、高致病性病毒的包膜蛋白。因此,可通过更换假病毒的包膜蛋白,使其能替代各种野生型高致病性病毒在生物安全等级2级或1级条件下进行烈性病毒相关研究和疫苗研发。现就假病毒的发展现状及其在不同包膜病毒研究中的应用作一概述。

The pseudovirus is a defective chimeric virus particle that loses pathogenicity due to the deletion of the key virulence gene and the truncation of the long terminal repeat sequence at the 3′end of the virus gene. The nucleocapsid part of pseudovirus is the same as that of wild-type virus. Only the envelope protein is replaced by that of heterologous viruses. Therefore, pseudovirus can infect specific cells by engineering its envelope protein. Generally, the designed pseudovirus envelope protein comes from highly infectious and highly pathogenic virulent viruses. Therefore, the designed pseudovirus can be used to replace these virulent viruses for relevant research under biosafety level-2 or biosafety level-1 conditions. This paper reviews the development of Pseudoviruses and their applications in the study of different envelope viruses.