中国汽车总部与零部件企业供应网络结构演化及影响因素

Evolution and Influencing Factors of Supply Network Structure of China Auto Headquarter and Auto Supplier Enterprises

供应网络是产业要素空间流动的重要载体,其空间组织与演化反映相关产业的空间集群特征,文章对2009、2014和2019年中国汽车总部与零部件企业供应网络结构演化及影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)汽车零部件企业集中分布在中国东部地区,基于汽车零部件供应关系的城市网络密度逐年增大,关联强度逐渐增强;网络节点度平均值变大,且节点度拟合曲线斜率增大,网络等级显著性随之增强;网络平均最短路径持续变小,通达性不断提高;网络集聚性在2009—2014年显著提高,2014—2019年部分地区略有下降。(2)汽车零部件供应网络中上海市网络权力最为突出,其他城市的网络权力呈上升趋势,高权力和中权力等级城市增加,低权力等级城市减少,华中和珠三角地区的网络权力相对薄弱。供应网络呈现出高中心性—高权力、低中心性—低权力的一维现象特征,且网络地位明显升级,其中领导核心城市和中心集约城市数量明显增多。(3)汽车零部件供应网络空间结构的演化同时受到5类因素的影响,其中空间因素塑造网络关系的演化格局、市场因素影响关联格局的产生和发育、集聚经济促进网络集聚性和权力地位的升级、制度因素引导网络关系的集聚与分散、历史因素构成网络权力地位与等级分化路径依赖的基础。

The supply network is an important carrier of the spatial flow of industrial factors,and its spatial organization and evolution reflect the spatial cluster characteristics of related industries.This paper analyzes the supply network structure evolution and influencing factors of China’s automobile headquarters and supplier enterprises in 2009,2014 and2019.It’s found that:1)Auto supplier enterprises are concentrated in the eastern part of China.The urban network density based on the supply relationship of auto supplier has increased year by year,and the network correlation strength has gradually increased.The average network node degree has become larger,and the slope of the node degree fitting curve has increased.The level of significance increases accordingly,the average shortest path of the network continues to decrease,and the accessibility continues to increase.The network agglomeration increases significantly from 2009 to2014,and some areas declines slightly from 2014 to 2019.2)Shanghai’s network power is the most prominent in the auto supplier network.The network power of other cities is on the rise.The number of cities with high and medium power levels have increased,and the cities with low power levels have decreased.The network power in central China and the Pearl River Delta is relatively weak.China’s auto supplier network presents the characteristics of a one-dimensional phenomenon of high centrality-high power,low centrality-low power,and the network status has been significantly upgraded,among which the number of leading core cities and central intensive cities increases significantly.3)The evolution of the spatial structure of the auto supplier network is simultaneously affected by five types of factors.Among them,spatial factors shape the evolution pattern of network relationships,market factors affect the generation and development of correlation patterns,agglomeration economy promotes the upgrading of network agglomeration and rights status,institutional factors guide the agglomeration and dispersion of network relations,and historical factors constitute the basis for the path dependence of network power status and hierarchical differentiation.