从供需视角优化初次分配结构研究

Study on Optimizing the Structure of Primary Distribution from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

优化初次分配结构、推进共同富裕必须运用系统思维,注重供需联动、协同发力。本文利用投入产出模型分析产业结构和需求结构对初次分配结构的影响。研究发现,从产业结构看,服务业成为劳动者报酬的主要来源,但技能服务业占比仍有较大提升空间。从需求结构看,三大需求拉动的劳动者报酬都呈现上升趋势,单位消费拉动的劳动者报酬最高。进一步研究发现,我国初次分配结构中存在部分行业劳动者报酬被挤压、劳动者报酬的部门填补缺位、部门收入错配等问题。为此,要优化产业结构和需求结构,发挥需求结构优化对供给结构的牵引作用、产业结构升级对需求的支撑作用和对就业的吸纳作用,形成以供需结构更高水平动态均衡来促进初次分配结构改善的格局。

To optimize the initial distribution structure and promote common prosperity,we must apply system thinking and focus on the linkage between supply and demand and make concerted efforts.This paper analyzes the influence of industrial structure and demand structure on the structure of initial distribution using input-output model.It is found that from the indus⁃trial structure,the service industry becomes the main source of labor compensation,but the proportion of skilled service industry still has more room for improvement.In terms of demand structure,all three major demand-pulled labor compensation show an upward trend,and the unit consumption-pulled labor compensation is the highest.Further study found that there are problems in the structure of China's initial distribution,such as the squeeze of workers'compensation in some industries,the lack of sector filling of workers'compensation,and the mismatch of sectoral income.In this regard,it is necessary to optimize the industrial structure and demand structure,play the traction role of demand structure optimization on supply structure,the support role of in⁃dustrial structure upgrading on demand and the absorption role on employment,and form a pattern of promoting the improvement of the initial distribution structure with a higher level of dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand structure.