公共图书馆在中国减贫事业中的作为、贡献与经验(1978—2020)

Action,Contribution and Experience of Public Libraries in China’s Poverty Alleviation(1978-2020)

文章系统总结我国公共图书馆参与中国减贫事业的历史进程与主要作为,旨在为走进“后扶贫时代”的图书馆事业提供历史维度的参考,为国际图书馆界贡献来自减贫领域的中国经验。1978至2020年中国公共图书馆参与减贫事业的历史进程可划分为四个阶段:(1)摸索酝酿时期(1978—1992年),公共图书馆在扶贫工作中的作用初步得到重视,积极开展农业科技信息咨询等相关服务,参与扶贫开发;(2)制度成型时期(1993—2000年),尽管公共图书馆的角色在减贫政策中仍是“内嵌式”的,却在文化扶贫政策体系中扮演了更为重要的角色,并逐渐在部分大型扶贫项目中承担起主要建设任务;(3)行业觉醒时期(2001—2011年),政策引导与行业行动互为呼应,中国特色的“公共文化”话语与世界共识的“图书馆权利”同频共振,公共图书馆行业为中国特色减贫事业提供来自专门领域的思想和实践支撑;(4)全面参与时期(2012—2020年),在精准扶贫战略和脱贫攻坚总动员下,公共图书馆的行动和实践呈现出精准性、保障性、整合性等特征,开展的扶贫活动数量大、覆盖范围广、受益人群多,呈现全行业参与的趋势。中国公共图书馆在减贫事业中的主要贡献有:为国家减贫战略的落地提供了专业助力,为贫困人群的文化权利提供了关键保障,为国际图书馆界积累了成功的减贫经验。中国公共图书馆在过去40余年减贫历程中的经验可以总结为:(1)深度嵌入国家减贫战略框架,依托于国家政策规划与重大工程;(2)保持和激发公共图书馆的专业性,立足专业内涵开展创新实践;(3)循序渐进动态实施减贫行动,根据减贫阶段适时调整机构定位;(4)通过内部联合与外部合作,汇聚各方力量形成事业合力。参考文献67。

This paper systematically summarizes the historical process and main contribution of public libraries in China’s poverty alleviation.It aims to provide a historical reference for China to further solve the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development,narrow the development gap between urban and rural areas,and achieve all-round human development and common prosperity of all people,and contribute Chinese experience from the field of poverty alleviation to the international librarianship.The authors divide the history of Chinese public libraries’contribution in poverty alleviation from 1978 to 2020 into four stages:(1)exploration period(1978-1992).During this period,the role of public libraries in rural construction was initially valued.Public libraries carried out agricultural and technological information services and participated in development-oriented poverty alleviation;(2)institutionalization period(1993-2000).Although the role of public libraries was still“embedded”in poverty alleviation policies,they played a more important role in the policy system of cultural poverty alleviation,and began to assume the main construction tasks in large-scale projects of cultural poverty alleviation;(3)industry awakening period(2001-2011).In this period,policy guidance and industry action echoed each other,and the discourse of“public culture”with Chinese characteristics resonated with the“library rights”recognized by the world.The public library industry provided more ideological and practical support from specialized fields for the cause of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics;(4)full participation period(2012-2020).Under the general mobilization of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy and poverty alleviation,the public library industry participated deeply in poverty reduction.On the basis of historical research,it was shown that Chinese public libraries were rather active and had made important contributions to previous poverty alleviation efforts.More specifically,public libraries have provided professional assistance in implementing national poverty alleviation strategies.They also played a key role in the protection of cultural rights which are important parts of human rights by offering fundamental cultural resources and services.Furthermore,the successful experience of Chinese public libraries are worth being shared with the whole world,inspiring it to make more endeavors in human poverty alleviation.Such experience could be summarized into four points:(1)public libraries must be deeply embedded into the strategy framework of national poverty alleviation;(2)public libraries should practice innovatively based on their professional knowledge and skills;(3)public libraries ought to clarify their positions in poverty alleviation of various stages and assist poverty alleviation gradually and dynamically;(4)public libraries need to collaborate within and beyond their netnorks in order to address the challenges of the complexity and difficulties of poverty alleviation.67 refs.