民族地区城镇化滞后的负面效应分析

An Analysis on the Negative Effects of the Lagging Behind Urbanization in Ethnic Minority Regions

在完善的市场经济条件下 ,生产要素会自动向城镇集聚 ,因此 ,城镇化是区域经济发展的必然趋势。在我国市场化滞后的条件下 ,城镇化对生产要素的集聚效应发挥有着更加重要的作用。但是 ,由于受多种因素的制约 ,民族地区城镇化严重滞后 ,造成了人口与土地矛盾突出 ;导致了农村剩余劳动力转移的困难 ;加大了扶贫成本 ,影响了扶贫效果 ;不利于生态环境的保护 ;影响了农业经营的规模化、产业化和劳动生产率的提高 ;阻碍了产业结构的调整和第三产业的发展 ;抑制了消费需求的增加 ,导致内需不足 ;不利于教育现代化和人口素质的提高 ;阻碍城镇中心功能的发挥和土地的集约使用。因此 ,应推行积极的城镇化政策 ,加速民族地区城镇化进程 ,以充分发挥生产要素的集聚作用。

In the conditions of perfect market economy, essential factors of production would centralized automatically toward urban centers, and urbanization would thus become the inevitable trend in the economic development. In China, where market development lagged behind, urbanization should play an even more important role in centralizing the essential factors of production. Nevertheless, urbanization lagged behind greatly in ethnic areas on account of the restriction of various elements. And this, in turn, brought about a lot of problems, such as the serious contradiction between population and land, the difficulty in transferring the surplus labor force in rural areas, the increased cost and decreased effect of poverty alleviation, the disadvantage in protection of ecological environment, and so on. Therefore, active urbanization policy should be implemented to speed up the process of urbanization in ethnic areas and to make the centralizing effect of the essential factors of production in full play.