含硫天然气开采接噪工人2016—2020年听力损伤分析

Analysis of hearing loss of workers exposed to noise in a sulfur-containing natural gas plant from 2016 to 2020

目的分析某含硫天然气开采接噪工人听力状况,揭示其听力损伤现状与趋势,为天然气开采企业职业健康精准、科学管理提供依据。方法收集某含硫天然气开采接噪工人2016—2020年职业健康检查电测听资料,同时通过职业卫生调查与职业病危害因素检测获得现场作业情况、基本工况及噪声测定水平,分析采气厂与净化厂职业病危害因素与暴露水平,分析接噪工人听力损伤的现状与趋势。结果该含硫天然气开采企业分为采气厂与净化厂两个分厂2016—2020年工作场所噪声总体控制较好,岗位中各测定点噪声强度不一,两个分厂均存在高噪声点,测定点噪声最高值净化厂高于采气厂。2016—2020年未出现职业性噪声聋,两个分厂的电测听异常检出率除2016年外,在2017年至2020年呈逐年上升趋势,且增幅存在统计学差异(χ^(2)=216.944,P<0.001),两个分厂分别分析也呈现类似的情况(χ^(2)=137.680、81.451,均P<0.001),听力异常类型有10种,以双耳高频听力损失最为常见(占72.0%)。结论含硫天然气接噪工人噪声暴露不容乐观,听力损伤发生的职业健康风险较高且逐年加重,要达到职业健康精准、科学管理首要工作是考虑多因素及多种危害因素联合作用下的噪声危害职业健康风险评估。

Objective To provide basis for accurate and scientific management of occupational health in natural gas mining enterprises,this study aims to analyze the hearing status of workers exposed to sulfur-containing natural gas noise from 2016 to 2020,and reveal the current situation and trend of hearing impairment.Methods We collected the audiometric data of occupational health examination of workers exposed to noise in a sulfur-containing natural gas plant from 2016 to 2020.The basic workplace,working conditions,and noise measurement level through occupational health investigation and occupational hazard factor detection were analyzed,so were the occupational hazard factors and exposure level of gas production plant and purification plant;meanwhile,the current situation and trend of hearing impairment of workers exposed to noise were analyzed.Results From 2016 to 2020,the noise in the workplace of both the gas production plant and the purification plant of the sulfur-containing natural gas plant was generally well controlled,and the noise intensity of each measuring point in the post was different.There were high noise points in both plants,and the maximum noise value of the measuring point in the purification plant was higher than that in the gas production plant.There was no occupational noise deafness from 2016 to 2020.Except for 2016,the detection rate of electroaudiometry abnormalities in the two plants showed an upward trend year by year from 2017 to 2020,and there was a statistical difference(χ^(2)=216.944,P<0.001).There was a statistical difference respectively in the two plants(χ^(2)=137.680,81.451,both P<0.001).There were 10 types of hearing abnormalities,and binaural high-frequency hearing loss was the most common(accounting for 72.0%).Conclusion The noise exposure of workers in the sulfur-containing natural gas plant is not optimistic,and the occupational health risk of hearing injury is high and increasing year by year.In order to achieve accurate and scientific management of occupational health,the priority is to consider the risk assessment of noise hazard occupational health under the combined action of multiple factors and multiple hazard factors.