有福同享:城市数字基础设施建设与经济包容性增长

Sharing the Benefits: Digital Infrastructure Construction in Cities and Inclusive Growth of the Economy

城市经济建设的发展应建立在社会和经济协调发展、个体公平合理地分享经济增长成果的基础上,即城市发展应实现包容性增长。数字基础设施建设是否促进了经济包容性增长是亟需解答的问题。文章以“宽带中国”政策作为一项准自然实验,在构建全域Malmquist-Luenberger指数科学衡量包容性增长水平的基础上,基于中国280个城市2007—2019年的面板数据,运用双重差分模型等多种实证分析工具对城市数字基础设施建设与经济包容性增长的关系进行评估。研究发现:“宽带中国”政策显著促进了经济包容性增长,且政策具有推广与累积效应;数字普惠金融覆盖面扩大、公共服务水平提升、产业结构升级是数字基础设施建设促进经济包容性增长的重要机制;在东部与中部地区、大中规模城市、较高传统基础设施水平地区以及高创新活力的地区,数字基础设施建设对包容性增长促进效应更为明显。此外,数字基础设施建设对周边地区经济包容性增长具有正向的空间溢出效应。文章丰富了有关数字基础设施建设的研究,为实现经济包容性增长提供了政策参考。

The development of urban economic construction should be based on coordinated social and economic development and the fair and reasonable sharing of the fruits of economic growth by individuals, i.e., urban development should achieve inclusive growth.Whether digital infrastructure construction has contributed to the inclusive growth of China’s economy is an urgent question to be answered. This paper takes the “Broadband China” policy implemented in batches in China from 2014 to 2016 as a quasi-natural experiment. On the basis of building a Global Malmquist-Luenberger index to scientifically measure the level of inclusive growth, based on the panel data of 280 cities in China from 2007 to 2019, and using the DID model, spatial DID model and instrumental variables, this paper deeply analyzes the relationship between digital infrastructure construction and inclusive growth of the economy in Chinese cities.The study finds that the “Broadband China” policy significantly promotes the inclusive growth of the economy in Chinese cities, and it has a promotion effect and a cumulative effect. The conclusion is still valid after using the PSM method, lagged treatment method, instrumental variable method, replacing explanatory variables, narrowing the city scope, and mitigating the impact of selection factors for robustness tests. Mechanism analysis shows that the expansion of digital inclusive financial coverage, the improvement of public service level, and the upgrading of industrial structure are important mechanisms of digital infrastructure construction for the inclusive growth of the economy. Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital infrastructure construction has a more significant promotion effect on the inclusive growth in eastern and central regions, large and medium-sized cities, and regions with a higher level of traditional infrastructure and high innovation vitality;while in western regions, small-sized cities, and regions with a lower level of traditional infrastructure and low innovation vitality, digital infrastructure construction does not promote the inclusive growth of the economy. In addition, digital infrastructure construction not only has a significant positive effect on the inclusive growth of the economy in the city where it is located, but also has a significant contribution to the inclusive growth of the economy in neighboring cities. That is, digital infrastructure construction has a positive spatial spillover effect on the inclusive growth of the economy in cities. This paper enriches the research on the influencing factors of inclusive growth and is also an effective supplement to the research on digital infrastructure construction. The findings provide a reliable empirical basis for digital infrastructure construction to help the economy achieve inclusive growth, and also provide a decision-making reference for developing digital infrastructure,building digital China, and giving full play to the inclusive growth effect of digital infrastructure.