大学生负性情绪与体育锻炼对自评健康的交互作用研究

Interaction of negative emotion and physical exercise on self-rated health in college students

目的探讨大学生负性情绪与体育锻炼对自评健康状况的交互作用,为促进大学生群体的健康提供参考。方法采用方便抽样方法于2020年2月9日至3月23日对某高校大学生进行网络问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学特征、负性情绪评估、体育锻炼情况和自评健康状况。采用4种负性情绪评价调查对象的负性情绪分布情况。采用SAS 9.4软件进行χ^(2)检验。应用logistic回归模型分析负性情绪、体育锻炼与自评健康的关联性,采用相加和相乘模型评估二者的交互作用类型。结果978名大学生中259人(26.48%)认为自己健康状况<3分(差或一般),765人(78.22%)很少进行体育锻炼。与低负性情绪相比,负性情绪水平越高,自评健康状况越差(^(χ)_(趋势)=88.895,P<0.01)。负性情绪与体育锻炼对自评健康存在相加交互作用(AP=0.31,95%CI:0.01~0.62),但二者对自评健康无相乘交互作用。与高负性情绪且很少锻炼者相比,中或低负性情绪且很少锻炼者报告自评健康<3分的风险降低(OR值分别为0.27、0.07),中或低负性情绪且经常锻炼者报告自评健康<3分的风险较低(OR值分别为0.15、0.03),均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论大学生总体自评健康状况良好,负性情绪增高,且普遍缺乏体育锻炼。负性情绪与体育锻炼对自评健康存在相加交互作用,高校应关注大学生心理健康状况,鼓励和督促大学生加强体育锻炼。

Objective To explore the interaction of negative emotion and physical exercise on self-rated health in college students,and provide the reference for promoting the health of college students.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to online investigate the college students in a university from February 9 to March 23,2020.The investigation included the general demographic characteristics,negative emotion assessment,physical exercise and self-rated health status.Four kinds of negative emotion were used to evaluate the distribution of negative emotion for subjects.Theχ^(2)test was used to analyze the data.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship among negative emotion,physical exercise and self-rated health.Additive and multiplication models were used to assess the type of interactions.The used software was SAS 9.4.Results Among 978 college students,259 students(26.48%)rated their health status as poor(<3 scores),and 765 students(78.22%)seldom engaged in physical exercise.Compared with low negative emotion,the higher was the level of negative emotion,the worse was the self-rated health status(χ^(2)trend=88.895,P<0.01).Negative emotion and physical exercise had an additive interaction on self-rated health(AP=0.3195%CI:0.01-0.62),but there was no multiplicative interaction between the negative emotion and physical exercise on self-rated health.Compared with high negative emotion with less physical exercise,moderate or low negative emotion with less physical exercise had the reduced risk of reporting worse self-rated health<3 scores(OR values were 0.27 and 0.07),and moderate or low negative emotion with more physical exercise had a lower risk of reporting worse self-rated health<3 scores(OR values were 0.15and 0.03),P<0.05,P<0.01.Conclusion College students generally self-rated their health status as good.However,negative emotions enhanced,and physical exercise was insufficient.Negative emotion and physical exercise had an additive interaction on self-rated health.Colleges and universities should pay attention to mental health and encourage and urge college students to engage in regular physical exercise.