3Yancik R, Ershler W, Satariano W, et al. Report of the national institute on aging task force on comorbidity [J]. J Gerontol A Bioi Sci Med Sci, 2007" 62( 3) : 275 - 280.
4Diederichs C, Berger K, Bartels DB. The measurement of multiple chronic diseases - - a systematic review on existing multimorbidity indices [J]. J Gerontol A Bioi Sci Med Sci, 2011,66(3): 301 -311.
5Boyd CM, Leff B, Wolff JL, et al. Informing clinical practice guideline development and implementation: prevalence of coexisting conditions among adults with coronary heart disease [J]. JAm Geriatr Soc, 2011,59(5): 797 -805.
6Fortin M, Bravo G, Hudon C, et al . Prevalence of multimorbidity among adults seen in family practice [J]. Ann Fam Med, 2005, 3 (3): 223 -228.
7Wolff JL, Starfield B, Anderson G. Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly [J]. Arch Intern Med, 2002,162(20) :2269 - 2276.
8Boyd CM, Darer J, Boult C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines and quality of care for older patients with multiple comorbid diseases: implications for pay for performance [J]. JAMA, 2005, 294( 6) : 716 -724.
9Brown AF, Mangione CM, Saliba D, et al. Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus [J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2003, 51 (5 Suppl Gaidelines) : S265 -280.
10Hou JK, Abudayyeh S, Shaib Y. Treatment of chronic radiation proctitis with cryoablation [J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2011,73(2): 383 -389,.
