童年期虐待与初中生大五人格特征的关联

Association between childhood maltreatment and the Big Five personality traits in middle school students

目的 探讨童年期虐待(childhood maltreatment, CM)与初中生大五人格特征之间的关联,为促进初中生人格健康发育提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法选取安徽省宣城、合肥、淮北共5 724名初中生进行问卷调查,内容包括人口统计学特征、CM经历以及大五人格特征。采用线性回归分析和典则相关分析探索CM与大五人格特征之间的关联。结果 初中生躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视、情感忽视与谨慎性(β=-1.71~-2.55)、情绪性(β=1.93~3.87)人格特征关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。除躯体虐待外,其余各类型CM与外向性(β=-1.04~-2.32)、宜人性(β=-1.07~-1.37)人格特征关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),仅有性虐待与开放性人格特征关联有统计学意义(β=-0.70,P<0.05)。除开放性人格特征外,CM经历数量与初中生人格特征关联均有统计学意义;且CM经历数量与各维度人格特征得分呈现剂量反应关系(P值均<0.05)。典则相关分析中,典则相关系数为-0.375(P<0.05),童年期虐待经历主要由情感虐待、情感忽视与躯体忽视来反映(典则载荷系数为0.556~0.951),大五人格特征主要由情绪性、谨慎性与外向性来反映(典则载荷系数为-0.702~0.639)。结论 CM与初中生人格特征之间存在关联,预防CM对于促进早期初中生的人格健康发育具有重要意义。

Objective The study aimed to explore the relationship between childhood maltreatment(CM) and the Big Five personality traits of middle school students, so as to provide scientific evidence for promoting the healthy development of middle school students’ personality. Methods A total of 5 724 middle school students from Xuancheng, Hefei and Huaibei of Anhui Province were selected by using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey, including demographic characteristics, CM experience and Big Five personality traits. Linear regression analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to explore the associations between CM and the Big Five personality traits. Results Physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect of middle school students were significantly associated with conscientiousness(β=-1.71--2.55) and neuroticism(β=1.93-3.87) personality traits(P<0.05). Except physical abuse, all other types of CM were significantly associated with extraversion(β=-1.04--2.32) and agreeableness(β=-1.07--1.37) personality traits(P<0.05), and only sexual abuse was associated with openness personality trait(β=-0.70, P<0.05). Except for openness personality trait, the relationship between the number of CM experience and the personality traits of middle school students was statistically significant;there was a dose-response relationship between the number of CM experiences and the scores of personality traits each dimension(P<0.05). In the canonical correlation analysis, the canonical correlation coefficient was-0.375(P<0.05). CM experiences were mainly reflected by emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect(canonical load coefficient was 0.556-0.951). The Big Five personality traits were mainly reflected by neuroticism, conscientiousness and extraversion(canonical load coefficient was-0.702-0.639). Conclusion There is a correlation between CM and the personality traits of middle school students, and prevention of CM is of great significance for promoting the healthy development of middle school students’ personality.