成都金牛区幼儿园儿童心理行为预警征筛查现状及相关因素

Current situation and related factors of screening for early warning signals in psychopathology in kindergarten children in Jinniu District of Chengdu

目的 了解成都市金牛区幼儿园幼儿心理行为发育问题预警征筛查现状并分析可能的影响因素,为制定有效的防治策略提供参考。方法 2021年10—12月,以成都市金牛区幼儿园20 417名儿童为研究对象。采用适应年龄组的儿童心理行为发育问题预警征象(预警征)分别进行发育筛查。采用Logistic回归用于预警征筛查阳性的多因素分析。结果2岁儿童预警征筛查阳性率最高为语言能区(6.12%),2.5,3岁儿童最高为个人社交能区(1.70%,1.76%),4,5岁儿童预警征筛查阳性率最高为精细运动能区(2.04%,1.03%);单因素和多因素分析表明预警征筛查阳性的相关因素有性别、家庭结构、异常出生史、每天电子屏幕暴露时间>2 h、每天夜间睡眠时长、年龄等(P值均<0.05)。结论 在幼儿园定期进行预警征筛查十分必要。应结合儿童各年龄阶段有针对性地对照护人、幼儿园教职人员开展健康教育,帮助其建立正确的育儿观念;同时应重视儿童睡眠健康,减少电子屏幕暴露时间,从而促进儿童身心健康发展。

Objective To describe screening situation and associated factors of early warning signals in psychopathology in kindergarten children, so as to provide reference for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods From October to December 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted in kindergartens in Jinniu District of Chengdu. The age-appropriate early warning signals were screened among 20 417 kindergarten children for developmental problems. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analysis of positive early warning signs screening, respectively. Results The positive screening of early warning signals among 2-year-old children was mainly distributed in the language domain(6.12%), personal-social domain for 2.5-year-old(1.70%) and 3-year-old children(1.76%), and fine-motor domain for 4-year-old(2.04%) and 5-year-old children(1.03%). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that factors associated with positive screening of early warning signals included gender, family structure, history of diseases, electronic screen exposure >2 h/d, sleep duration at night, and age of children(P<0.05). Conclusion It is necessary to carry out regular screening for early warning signals for psychopathology in kindergartens. Age-appropriate health education for early childhood development should be carried out against nurses and kindergarten teaching staff. Similarly, more attention should be paid to healthy sleep and media usage to improve physical and mental wellness among preschool children.