碳酸盐岩储层埋藏溶蚀改造与水岩模拟实验研究进展

Research Progress of Burial Dissolution and Modification of Carbonate Reservoirs and Fluid-Rock Simulation Experiments

深层-超深层碳酸盐岩是当前全球油气勘探的焦点,也是未来我国有望实现油气商业发现的热点领域.对于深埋藏环境下优质碳酸盐岩储层形成而言,目前研究普遍强调了早期表生溶蚀作用和晚期埋藏溶蚀改造作用的重要性.作为表征储层溶蚀作用机理的有效手段,水岩溶蚀模拟实验能够再现实际地质条件下碳酸盐岩和地层流体之间的相互作用过程,为碳酸盐岩储层溶蚀改造研究提供了新视角.为此,系统回顾了近年来碳酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验的研究进展,并尝试从实验模拟的角度讨论溶蚀作用对深层-超深层碳酸盐岩成储过程的控制作用.首先回顾了碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造作用,同时总结了碳酸盐岩水岩溶蚀模拟实验的技术与方法,其次梳理了基于溶蚀模拟实验取得的碳酸盐岩储层溶蚀改造规律与认识,最后展望了现有研究对深层-超深层油气勘探以及碳封存与再利用中的应用前景.不难看出,开展碳酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验有望为寻找埋藏成岩过程中的次生孔隙发育带、阐释规模性溶蚀作用发生的有利条件提供依据,同时也可为未来碳酸盐岩成储机制和实验模拟研究提供一定的借鉴意义.

Deep to ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs have always been the focus of global oil and gas exploration at present, which are also the future fields of commercial hydrocarbon discovery in China. The importance of early epigenetic dissolution and/or late burial dissolution modification has been generally emphasized for the formation of high-quality carbonate reservoirs in deep burial environments. As an effective way to characterize the mechanism of reservoir dissolution, the fluid-rock dissolution simulation experiment can reproduce the interaction process between carbonate rocks and diagenetic fluids under actual geological conditions,thus providing a new perspective for determining the dissolution and modification of carbonate reservoirs. In this paper, the research progress of carbonate dissolution simulation experiments in recent years is systematically reviewed. In addition, the controlling factors of dissolution on the formation of deep to ultra-deep carbonate rocks are discussed from the perspective of experimental simulation. Firstly, the dissolution and modification of carbonate reservoirs are reviewed, and the techniques and methods of carbonate fluid-rock dissolution simulation experiments are summarized. Secondly, the law and understanding of carbonate reservoir dissolution and modification based on simulation experiments are sorted out. Finally, the application prospect of current research on deep to ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration and carbon sequestration and recycling is prospected. Generally,the simulation experiment of carbonate dissolution is expected to provide a basis for discovering the secondary pore development zones during burial diagenesis and clarifying the favorable conditions for the occurrence of large-scale dissolution. Furthermore,this work can provide certain reference significance for future research on the formation mechanism and experimental simulation of carbonate reservoirs.