中老年髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓发生情况及其危险因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of lower limb deep vein thrombosis after hip replacement in middle-aged and elderly patients

目的了解中老年患者行髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生情况,并探讨影响其发生的危险因素。方法对2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日于天津市人民医院行髋关节置换术的121例中老年患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析,并采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型对入选的中老年患者进行统计学分析。结果男性患者98例,女性患者23例,平均年龄为(59.55±9.53)岁;共有51例患者发生了下肢深静脉血栓,其发生率为42.1%;年龄较大(OR=1.129,95%CI:1.013~1.239)、体质量指数(BMI)≥24(OR=1.493,95%CI:1.066~2.314)、有糖尿病史(OR=1.293,95%CI:1.114~2.094)、住院时间长(OR=1.203,95%CI:1.056~1.377)等是中老年患者行髋关节置换术后发生下肢深静脉血栓的主要危险因素。结论中老年患者行髋关节置换术后,下肢发生深静脉血栓的危险性明显增加,因此,在临床上要注意高危因素,积极预防下肢深静脉血栓的形成。

Objective To investigate the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis(DVT)after hip replacement surgery in middle-aged and elderly patients and to explore the risk factors.Methods A total of 121 middle-aged and elderly patients who underwent hip replacement in the Tianjin People's Hospital from January 1,2018 to December 31,2020 were collected for analysis.The basic characteristics of the patients included were statistically described by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results There were 98 male patients and 23 female patients,with an average age of 59.55±9.53 years.51 patients developed postoperative DVT of the lower limbs,with an incidence of 42.1%.Older age(OR=1.129,95%CI=1.013-1.239),body mass index(BMI,kg/m2)≥24(OR=1.493,95%CI=1.066-2.314),history of diabetes(OR=1.293,95%CI=1.114-2.094),and long postoperative hospital stay(OR=1.203,95%CI=1.056-1.377)were risk factors.Conclusions The risk of lower extremity DVT after hip replacement surgery was higher in middle-aged and elderly patients.In clinical practice,we should pay attention to risk factors and focus on key groups to prevent the occurrence and development of lower extremity DVT.