城市建设中的土地增值回收融资手段

Financing Urban Development Through Land Value Capture Tools

快速城市化给城市公共设施建设带来巨大压力。一方面,城市在不断扩张中需要新建大量的基础设施;另一方面,城市已有的公共设施也需要不断维护和更新,使其更好地发挥功能。如何在城市基础设施建设领域进行可持续的融资,是摆在世界各国城市政府面前的一个挑战。土地增值回收是公共基础设施的重要融资途径。作为法律、规划与财政紧密配合的一种政策工具,土地增值回收可以使地方政府或社区重新获得因公共投资和其他政府行为导致土地价值上涨的部分,并将其用于再投资,由此建立起土地价值与公共服务资金的良性循环,提高城市财政的可持续性。本文首先阐述土地增值回收的相关概念与理论,然后对世界各国(地区)在土地增值回收方面的政策工具进行总结分类,并对利用土地增值回收为基础设施融资的成功案例进行分析。本文还结合中国实际情况,对如何利用土地增值回收理念来支持中国城市建设提出设想。

Rapid urbanization creates an enormous pressure on urban public infrastructure.On the one hand,cities need to invest heavily in new infrastructure;on the other hand,existing infrastructure needs to be maintained and renovated.Financing urban infrastructure in a sustainable manner is a major challenge for city governments around the world,and land value capture has proven to be an important financing tool.Implemented in coordination with laws,urban planning,and fiscal tools,land value capture enables urban governments and communities to capture the portion of land value increase that is caused by public investment and other government actions.The additional revenue can then be reinvested in the community,forming a virtuous circle between land value and public expenditure,thereby making municipal finance more sustainable.In this paper,we first review key concepts and literatures around land value capture.Then we categorize and analyze various land value capture tools around the world.Finally,we suggest ways in which China could adapt land value capture to its urban development context.