面向农业高质量发展的耕地保护转型研究

Research on the transformation path of farmland protection under the high-quality agricultural development

由于耕地质量、生态的测度等受多种限制性因素影响,致使当前“三位一体”的耕地保护格局在实施过程中仍以数量管控为主,这与新时期粮食安全和低碳社会存在脱节,亟需建设面向农业高质量发展的耕地保护转型体系。本文基于相关统计数据和文献观点,结合农业高质量发展对耕地保护的新要求,梳理农业高质量发展格局下耕地保护现状和现实困境,探索面向高质量发展的耕地保护转型路径。研究表明,农业高质量发展要求耕地保护需要兼顾生产功能和生态功能,实现粮食安全与碳减排双重目标。然而,现阶段耕地依然存在保护耕地与经济发展矛盾突出、耕地碳排放持续增加、保护耕地与保护生态难协调等问题阻碍农业高质量发展。为实现农业高质量发展,可从“本体角度、拓扑关系、科技助保”三个方面探索耕地保护转型路径,即转变耕地本体内涵,从现状耕地向可耕地内涵转变;从严格保护耕地向严格管控建设用地的数量、强度和生态转变;将科技创新应用于耕地生产的各个环节,实现耕地生产绿色高效。因此,建议依据可耕地宜耕性高低合理布局农作物及作物结构,利用土地整治提升耕地生态以降低碳排放;根据新一轮国土空间规划严格管控建设用地总量,确保优质耕地不减少,进一步提升农业高精尖技术实现耕地绿色增产;制定相关激励政策引导科研工作者和农户自下而上自愿进行耕地保护。

Due to the impacts of various restrictive factors on the quality and ecological measurement of farmland,the current“trinity”pattern of farmland protection is still mainly controlled by quantity in the implementation process,which is out of line with food security and low-carbon society in the new era,and it is urgent to build a transformation system of farmland protection for high-quality agricultural development.Combined with relevant statistical data,literature view,and the new requirement of high-quality agricultural development on farmland protection,this paper examined the status and practical difficulties of farmland protection and explored the transformation path of farmland protection under the pattern of high-quality agricultural development.Results indicated that the high-quality agricultural development requires that the protection of farmland should take the production function and ecological function into consideration and achieve the two following goals together:the food security and carbon emission reduction.However,there are still some problems in China,including the contradiction between protecting farmland and economic development,the increasing carbon emission from farmland,and the difficulty in coordinating farmland protection and ecological protection,which hinder the high-quality agricultural development.To achieve the high-quality development of agriculture,the transformation path of China’s farmland protection can be explored from three aspects:“ontology,topological relationship,and scientific&technological help”,that is,transforming the connotation of farmland itself,changing the current farmland to the connotation of farmland;shifting strictly protecting farmland to strictly controlling the quantity,intensity and ecology of construction land;applying technological innovation to achieve green and efficient farmland production from all aspects of farmland production.Therefore,this paper suggests:reasonably arranging crops and crop structure according to the suitability of farmland,using land remediation to improve the ecology of farmland to reduce carbon emissions,strictly controlling the total amount of construction land according to the new round of national land space planning to ensure stable high-quality farmland availability,and further improving agricultural advanced technology to achieve green production of farmland;and formulating relevant incentive policies to guide scientific researchers and farmers to voluntarily protect farmland from the bottom-up.