对欧盟非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病特别贸易关注的分析与思考

Analysis and Considerations on EU Special Trade Concerns for ASF and Other Major Animal Diseases

非洲猪瘟(ASF)、高致病性禽流感(HPAI)和牛海绵状脑病(BSE)等重大动物疫病的发生是影响猪、禽、牛及其产品进出口贸易的重要因素之一。1997年以来,24个国家因上述重大动物疫病对欧盟发布了贸易禁令,禁止进口其动物及其产品。欧盟在世界贸易组织卫生与植物卫生措施委员会(WTO/SPS)例会上,对这3种重大动物疫病共提出185次特别贸易关注以及磋商,质疑相关国家无疫区/生物安全隔离区(简称无疫区/无疫小区)规则应用不当,措施未与国际标准/协调一致,风险评估结果无法互认,存在贸易歧视等。鉴于我国是动物及动物产品进口国,是欧盟重点关注的贸易国家,为了更好地应对欧盟的特别贸易关注,梳理研究了欧盟特别贸易关注情况,并提出了积极参与世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)标准制修订工作,促进无疫区/无疫小区风险分析结果互认,深入研究并利用WTO贸易争端解决机制等三方面建议,以期促进我国畜禽行业健康发展和国际贸易顺利开展。

The outbreak of African swine fever(ASF),highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)or bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE)is one of the major factors affecting the import and export of pigs,poultry,cattle and their products.Since 1997,trade bans had been issued by 24 countries to European Union(EU)where the above diseases occurred,which prohibited any import of its animals and animal products.185 special trade concerns and consultations were proposed by EU at the routine meeting of the World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(WTO/SPS),which questioned the rules of disease-free zone/compartment were improperly applied in relevant countries where the measures were not consistent with international standards,the results of risk evaluation could not be mutually recognized,and trade discrimination was available.Considering that China,as an importer of animals and animal products,was an important trade country for EU,and for better response to EU special trade concerns,such concerns were summarized and studied,followed by recommendations on actively participating in the development and revision of the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH)standards,promoting mutual recognition of the results of risk analysis on disease-free zone/compartment,further research and use of the WTO trade dispute settlement mechanism,with a view to promoting the healthy development of China's livestock and poultry industry and the successful international trade.