马铃薯收获机辊组式薯土分离装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Roller Group Type Potato Soil Separator for Potato Harvester

针对目前传统马铃薯收获机分离装置存在伤薯率高、去土率低以及分离装置结构形式单一且调节不便的问题,设计了一款由聚氨酯材料构成的左右螺旋对称式去土辊与可调节式光辊交替排列组合的马铃薯收获机辊组式输送分离装置。通过针对机体结构的动力学分析、薯土分离的耦合机理分析和去土过程马铃薯之间碰撞离散分析,确定了影响马铃薯收获机辊组式输送分离装置伤薯率和去土率的关键因素,并对其进行试验,以伤薯率和去土率为试验指标,以去土辊和光辊间距和转速、输送分离装置倾斜角为试验因素,根据正交试验结果建立数学回归模型并进行响应面分析和参数化分析,确定当去土辊与光辊间距为16.5 mm、去土辊转速为100 r/min、光辊转速为100 r/min、分离装置倾斜角为8°时,伤薯率为0.64%,去土率为97.1%。与传统马铃薯收获机分离装置相比,伤薯率下降0.12个百分点,去土率上升2.6个百分点,该装置能更好地满足输送分离要求。

Aiming at the problems of high potato damage rate,low soil removal rate,single structure and inconvenient adjustment of the separation device of the traditional potato harvester,a left and right spiral symmetrical soil removal roller and adjustable type made of polyurethane material were designed.The smooth rollers were alternately arranged and combined in the potato harvester roller group conveying and separating device.Through the dynamic analysis of the machine body structure,the coupling mechanism analysis of potato-soil separation and the discrete analysis of the collision between potatoes in the soil removal process,the key factors affecting the potato damage rate and soil removal rate of the roller-type conveying and separating device of the potato harvester were determined.And it was tested,taking the potato damage rate and soil removal rate as the test index,taking the distance between the soil removal roller and the smooth roller,the rotation speed and the inclination angle of the conveying separation device as the experimental factors,a mathematical regression model was established for the orthogonal test results,and a response surface analysis was carried out.Through analysis and parametric analysis,it was determined that when the distance between the soil removal roller and the smooth roller was 16.5 mm,the speed of the soil removal roller was 100 r/min,the speed of the smooth roller was 100 r/min,and the inclination angle of the separation device was 8°,the damage potato rate was 0.64%,and soil removal rate was 97.1%.Compared with the traditional potato harvester separation device,the potato damage rate was decreased by 0.12 percentage points,and the soil removal rate was increased by 2.6 percentage points.The device can meet the requirements of conveying separation.