数字经济互联互通的实现方式——问题揭示、欧盟经验及调整方向

The Realization Methods of Digital Economy Interoperability:Problem Revealing,EU Experience and Countermeasures

近年来,我国数字经济呈现出寡头垄断的发展趋势,相关企业封闭自身生态系统、构建商业护城河的行为,已经对市场竞争秩序造成消极影响。互联互通有助于削弱锁定效应,降低市场进入壁垒,促进竞争和创新,进而推动数字经济健康发展。我国现有的互联互通实现方式存在诸多问题,主要表现为预想的市场化实现方式存在失灵问题,原有的竞争法规制方式陷入实效困境,新近的行业法规制方式面临实施难题。欧盟将互联互通作为欧洲数字议程的重要议题,引导市场主体通过市场化方式实现互联互通,并通过多种规制化方式推进数字经济互联互通,取得了显著成效。我国可以借鉴欧盟的有益经验,在市场和规制之间取得有益平衡,增强竞争法规制方式的应对能力、优化行业法规制方式的实施细节,从而实现最优水平的互联互通,推动我国数字经济不断做强做优做大。

In recent years,China's digital economy has shown the development trend of oligopoly,and the behavior of related enterprises to close their own ecosystems and build commercial moats has caused serious damage to the order of market competition.Interoperability can help weaken the lock-in effect,lower the barriers to market entry,promote competition and innovation,and thus promote the healthy development of the digital economy.There are many prob⁃lems with China's existing interoperability realization methods,specifically,the expected market-based realization methods are dysfunctional,the original competition law and regulation methods are in an effective dilemma,and the newer industry law and regulation methods are facing implementation difficulties.The EU has made interoperability an important issue in the European digital agenda,guiding market players to achieve interoperability through marketbased approaches and promoting digital economy interoperability through various regulatory approaches,which has achieved remarkable results.China can learn from the useful experience of the EU,striking a useful balance between market and regulation,enhancing the responsiveness of competition laws and regulations,and optimizing the imple⁃mentation details of industry laws and regulations,to achieve the optimal level of interoperability and promote China's digital economy to grow stronger and bigger.