数据抓取不正当竞争纠纷的司法审查要素考察与反思

Judicial Practice and Reflection on the Review Elements of Unfair Competition Disputes over Data Scraping

《反不正当竞争法》的司法解释删除了原征求意见稿中关于数据抓取行为的规定。司法实践中关于数据抓取行为的正当性判断依然没有明确的具体规则。目前业已形成的审查模式已经将抓取数据的合理必要限度、抓取数据的类型属性、被爬取方所遭受的损害以及竞争秩序保护中多元价值的平衡作为主要考察要素。但各要素的审查仍有进一步完善的空间,司法机关在确定合理必要抓取限度时,可考虑引入合理替代与部分替代标准对实质性替代要素进行限制;在确定内容存在交叉的数据抓取规则时,可结合反爬方对其数据采取保护措施的力度及其有效程度对损害结果要素进行修正;在平衡竞争秩序保护多元价值取向时,可考虑从消费者权益出发。

Interpretation by the Supreme People's Court of Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China deletes the provisions on data scraping which was provided in the Draft for comments,which has made the rules of the judgment absent.The existing judicial practice and experi⁃ence has formed a mode that has taken some main elements into account,such as reasonable and necessary limits,the type of the data,the damage suffered by the crawled party,and the balance of multiple values in the protection of the competitive order.However,when the Judges review these elements,they need to improve the path.When determining the reasonable and necessary limits,the court judicial may consider introducing reasonable substitution and partial substitution standards to limit substantive substitution;when determining that there are overlapping data capture rules,they may based on the strength and effectiveness of the data protection measures taken by the anti-climbing party to re⁃vised the review results;when balancing the competition order and protecting multiple values,consideration can be given to consumer rights.