超额准备金率影响因素及流动性管理对策研究——以新疆地方法人银行机构为例

Research on Influencing Factors of Excess Reserve Ratio and Countermeasures for Liquidity Management Taking Xinjiang Local Corporate Banking Institutions as an Example

当前新疆辖区农信社、农商行和村镇银行资金运用能力相对较弱,其2020年超额准备金率均值达8.32%,远高于全国商业银行超额准备金率均值1.88%。本文基于新疆辖区2016-2020年间21家地方法人银行机构的动态面板数据,采用系统GMM估计方法,从超额准备金率角度对新疆地方法人银行机构的流动性过剩问题进行了实证研究。实证结果表明:总体来看,银行机构资本质量和短期偿债能力及市场利率水平会显著正向影响新疆地方法人银行机构超额准备金率,而银行机构资产规模会显著负向影响新疆地方法人银行机构超额准备金率;分机构类型来看,银行机构资产规模对新疆农商行和农信社超额准备金率无显著影响,对村镇银行超额准备金率呈显著负向影响。在此基础上,提出了有效的流动性管理建议,以辅助新疆地方法人银行机构进行经营和决策。

At present,rural credit cooperatives,rural commercial banks and rural banks in Xinjiang have relatively weak capital utilization capabilities.The average excess reserve ratio in 2020 will reach 8.32%,which is much higher than the average excess reserve ratio of commercial banks in the country,which is 1.88%.Based on the dynamic panel data of 21 local corporate banking institutions in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2020,this paper uses the systematic GMM estimation method to empirically study the excess liquidity problem of local corporate banking institutions in Xinjiang from the perspective of excess reserve ratio.The empirical results show that:in general,the capital quality and short-term solvency of banking institutions and the level of external market interest rates will significantly and positively affect the excess reserve ratio of local corporate banking institutions in Xinjiang,while the asset scale of banking institutions will significantly negatively affect the local corporate banking institutions in Xinjiang.Excess reserve ratio of banking institutions;in terms of types of institutions,the asset scale of banking institutions has no significant impact on the excess reserve ratio of Xinjiang rural commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives,but has a significant negative impact on the excess reserve ratio of rural banks.On this basis,it puts forward effective liquidity management suggestions to assist Xinjiang local corporate banking institutions in their operations and decision-making.