铁基纳米材料用于肿瘤免疫调节的研究进展

Progress of iron-based nanomaterials for tumor immunomodulation

随着纳米医学、生物医学、材料学等学科的融合发展,铁基纳米材料在肿瘤免疫调节和联合抗肿瘤治疗领域正在吸引研究者的目光。铁基纳米材料可触发肿瘤细胞铁死亡,诱导免疫原性细胞死亡,激活肿瘤免疫微环境,作为肿瘤疫苗载体等,具备联合化疗、免疫治疗等提高抗肿瘤综合效能的潜力和可行性。此外,铁基纳米材料可作为核磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂用于肿瘤诊断,其磁靶向性、磁热性等特性使其在靶向热疗方面同样具有较大的潜力。近年来仿生化的设计赋予铁基纳米材料更优的肿瘤靶向性、体内免疫清除豁免、肿瘤免疫调节等功能。该文对铁基纳米材料在肿瘤治疗及应用的进展进行分类综述,并提出了目前面临的挑战以及可能的解决方案。

With the integration and development of nano medicine, biomedicine, materials science and other disciplines, iron based nano materials are attracting researchers’ attention in the field of tumor immunomodulation and combined anti-tumor therapy.Iron-based nanomaterials can trigger the ferroptosis of tumor cells, induce immunogenic cell death, activate the tumor immune microenvironment, act as tumor vaccine carriers, etc.They hold the potential and feasibility to improve the combinational anti-tumor efficacy in chemotherapy and immunotherapy.In addition, iron-based nanomaterials can be used as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contrast agents for tumor diagnosis.The magnetic targeting and magnetothermal properties provide great potential in targeted thermotherapy.Recently, biomimetic designs have given iron-based nanomaterials better tumor targeting, in vivo immune clearance exemption, and tumor immunomodulation.This review categorically summarizes the progress of iron-based nanomaterials in tumor therapy and applications, and also provides insights into the current challenges with some potential solutions.