多基原藏药生等本草考证

Textual Research on Materia Medica on the Multi-Base Original Tibetan Medicine Sheng Deng

为明确常用藏药材生等的基原及用药情况,为临床用药提供可靠依据,通过查阅历代藏医药文献及汉译本著作,对藏药生等的名称、基原、产地及功能主治等进行本草考证;发现生等最早记载于《四部医典》。经本草考证,12世纪前古籍文献中未见生等的优劣之分,12世纪起以品种和颜色分为赞旦生等、吉尔巴生等和松生等;搜集文献发现,其基原品种涉及无患子科、鼠李科、三尖杉科、豆科、苏木科、红豆杉科等6个科的16种植物;结合历代藏医文献及汉译本著作,判断上品藏药生等可能为产于印度、缅甸、非洲以及中国广东、云南、浙江、广西、台湾地区等地生长的豆科植物儿茶Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.的干燥茎枝。其他属地方习用药,多基原藏药生等以赞旦生等、吉尔巴生等、松生等入药使用是权衡生态资源和藏医药可持续发展的需要,属历史必然性和现实必要性。由于藏药特色资源日益匮乏,今后此类现象会更加明显,应加强开展藏药传统药性、现代化学及药理药效研究,确定最佳用药植物。

Through access to past dynasties’ Tibetan medical literature and Chinese translated works and to the name, basis origin, place of production, function and indications of Tibetan medicinal products were Textual Research on Materia and Sheng Deng the earliest recorded in the Four Medical Books to clarify the basic origin and medication of Tibetan medicine Sheng Deng, so as to provide a reliable basis for clinical medication. According to textual research of materia medica, there is no Sheng Deng good and bad in ancient books and documents before the 12th century. Since the 12th century, it has been divided into Zandansheng, Gilbasheng and Song Sheng according to their varieties and colors. It was found that 16 species of plants from 6 families including Sapindaceae, Rhamneaceae, Trichinaceae, Legume, hematoxylaceae and Taxaceae were involved in the primary species. Finally, based on the literature of Tibetan medicine in the past dynasties and the translated works in Chinese, it is concluded that the top grade Tibetan medicine plant may be the dried stems and branches of the leguminous plant catechu grown in India, Myanmar, Africa, Guangdong, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Taiwan and other places in China. Acacia Catechu(L.f.)Willd. should be the top grade of Tibetan medicine. It is necessity to balance ecological resources and sustainable development of Tibetan medicine textual research on the multi-base original Tibetan medicine “Sheng Deng” Zandenan, Gilbasan and pine use poly basic Tibetan medicine. As the characteristic resources of Tibetan medicine are increasingly scarce, such phenomenon will become more obvious in the future.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the traditional medicinal properties, modern chemistry and pharmacological effects of Tibetan medicine, and determine the best medicinal plants.