桑黄化学成分及其抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展

Chemical Components of Phellinus and Antitumor Mechanism:A Review

恶性肿瘤是目前严重威胁人类健康和生命的疾病之一,相关报道显示,恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率呈现逐年增加的趋势。临床上放疗和化疗是癌症的主流治疗方法,这种治疗往往伴随着严重的不良反应,给患者带来不可逆的损伤,严重影响了患者治疗后的生活质量。因此寻找新型安全有效的抗肿瘤药物迫在眉睫,中药抗肿瘤治疗因其不良反应小、相对安全性高、抑制作用持久等优点获得了广泛关注。随着近年来医学科研水平的快速发展,越来越多的抗肿瘤化学成分从中药里被提取出来。桑黄作为一种名贵中药材,其化学成分主要包括多糖、黄酮、三萜、多酚等物质,具有抗炎、降血糖、保肝、抗肿瘤等药理作用。研究表明桑黄的化学成分对肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、黑色素瘤等多种恶性肿瘤细胞显示出抗肿瘤活性,通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞转移、诱导肿瘤细胞自噬、抑制肿瘤血管生成和免疫调节发挥抗肿瘤作用,此外还可以通过联合放化疗增效减毒、增敏辅助治疗恶性肿瘤。基于中国知网、Web of Science、Pubmed、谷歌学术等数据库,以“桑黄、化学成分、抗肿瘤”等关键词检索近几年的相关文献,通过对桑黄的化学成分及其抗肿瘤作用机制进行分析总结,为其进一步开发和临床应用提供思路和理论基础。

Malignant tumor poses a threat to human health and life.The incidence and fatality rate of malignant tumor have been on the rise.The currently available therapies are radiotherapy and chemotherapy,which cause severe adverse reactions and irreversible damage and thus influence the quality of life of patients.Therefore,it is urgent to find new,safe and effective antitumor drugs.Chinese medicinals are safe with little adverse reactions and long-lasting effect in the treatment of tumor,which have attracted the attention of scholars.Amid the advancement of medical research,more and more anti-tumor components have been extracted from Chinese medicinals.Phellinus is a valuable Chinese medicinal material,and the chemical components mainly include polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenes,and polyphenols,which have anti-inflammatory,hypoglycemic,liver-protecting,and anti-tumor effect.The chemical components of Phellinus can inhibit various malignant tumors such as lung cancer,gastric cancer,colon cancer,and melanoma.It exerts the anti-tumor effect by inhibiting proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells,inducing apoptosis and autophagy of the cells,suppressing tumor angiogenesis,and regulating the immunity.In addition,it can enhance efficacy,reduce toxicity,and boost the sensitivity in the radiotherapy and chemotherapy.In this paper,articles were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Web of Science,Pubmed,and Google Scholar with keywords such as"Phellinus,chemical components,and anti-tumor",and then the chemical components of Phellinus and the anti-tumor mechanisms were summarized.The findings are expected to lays a basis for further development and clinical application of this medicinal.