陶寺、石峁的夏代遗存

Remains and Relics of Xia Discovered at Taosi Site and Shimao Site

陶寺ⅡFJT1“观象台”东北清理墓葬28座,以2002ⅡM22大墓为代表。这批墓葬属于进入夏代的“龙山时代之后和二里头文化之前”,同时文章还分析了襄汾大柴、张槐及侯马、曲沃、翼城、吉县等临汾盆地为中心的夏代遗存。陶寺对石峁遗址研究的启示:双鋬鬲分侧装、正装,变化规律都是宽弧裆→宽平裆→尖角裆,依此只能说明陶寺遗存到了陕北、内蒙古中南部;石峁敛口盉和口簧,都是夏代的作品,陶寺也有1件口簧,测年数据还早石峁5年,不能因为石峁“多”就说它“早”吧?

At Taosi Site, northeast of the architectural remains of the rammed earthen “observatory”, numbered as ⅡFJT1, 28tombs have been excavated, with a large tomb, 2002ⅡM22, as the representative. These excavated tombs date back to the period “after Longshan Culture period but before Erlitou Culture period” in Xia Dynasty. In this article, sites of Xia ruins discovered in Dachai Village and Zhanghuai Village in Xiangfen County, Houma, Quwo County, Yicheng County, Jixian County and other places in the vicinity of Linfen Basin are also analysed. Results of archaeological research concerning Taosi Site can be used for reference in the research on Shimao Site. Like those excavated from Taosi Site, Li with double handles that have been unearthed from Shimao Site can be categorized into Li with side-attached double handles and Li with facade-attached double handles, and their crotch shape also evolved from bow-shaped wide-stretched crotch to flat wide-stretched crotch, and then pointed crotch.However, such finds only prove that relics and remains of Taosi type have been discovered in modern-day Northern Shaanxi and mid-southern Inner Mongolia. The He with a contracted mouth and reeds unearthed from Shimao Site are all made in Xia. A reed,which has been dated to be five years earlier than those unearthed from Shimao Site, has been excavated at Taosi Site. Therefore, it would be unfair to claim that Shimao Site is “older” just because it yields “more” cultural relics.