考古材料形成过程研究与中国考古学的实践

Research on Formation Process of Archaeological Materials and Practice of Chinese Archaeology

从考古学创立之初至今,考古材料形成过程问题在人类行为、废弃过程、埋藏学、地质考古学等层面进行了诸多探索,形成了若干研究分支领域。中国考古学百年间积累了丰富的考古地层学实践经验,形成识别不同考古遗存的手段与方法。近年来也大力引介西方考古学遗址形成过程研究的成果,对这一领域研究进展的梳理和总结,可以为中国考古学提供借鉴和参考,以增强从考古材料中提炼人类行为的能力。

From the earliest days of archaeology,the formation of archaeological materials has been explored from the perspectives of human behavior,abandonment processes,taphonomy and geoarchaeology,and several research branches have been formed.In the past hundred years,Chinese archaeology has developed rich practical experience in archaeological stratigraphy,forming the means and methods to identify different archaeological remains.In recent years,the research achievements of western archaeological site formation process are also introduced,and relevant research progress at home and abroad is sorted out and summarized,which can provide reference for research of Chinese archaeology to enhance the ability to extract human behavior from archaeological materials.