华中地区乡村3~6岁儿童贫血状况及与膳食行为的关联

Anemia among rural children aged 3-6 in central China and its association with dietary behaviors

目的了解华中地区乡村3~6岁儿童贫血状况及其与膳食行为的关联,为乡村学龄前儿童贫血的预防和干预提供参考。方法2021年4—6月,以班级为单位采用分层整群抽样的方法,对华中地区乡村1246名3~6岁学龄前儿童采集无名指末梢血,采用比色法进行血红蛋白测定,分析贫血状况。同时对谷薯类、水果、蔬菜、豆制品类、奶类、动物性食物、食物多样性、饮水等8个方面的膳食行为进行调查。采用Logistic回归分析法,分析贫血与膳食行为的关联。结果华中地区乡村3~6岁儿童贫血检出率为13.88%。留守儿童贫血检出率(19.00%)高于非留守儿童(11.27%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.93,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,留守儿童(OR=1.28,95%CI=1.16~1.56)发生贫血的比例高于非留守儿童;动物性食物摄入频率≥3次/周(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.69~0.91)、蔬菜摄入种类≥2种(OR=0.86,95%CI=0.71~0.93)的学龄前儿童发生贫血的比例较低(P值均<0.05)。结论华中地区乡村3~6岁儿童贫血检出率较高,尤其应重点关注留守儿童的贫血问题。应进一步提升抚养人膳食素养,增加动物性食物和蔬菜的摄入量,以降低学龄前儿童贫血的发生。

Objective To understand the status of anemia among rural children aged 3-6 in central China and its relationship with dietary behavior,and to provide reference for prevention and intervention of anemia in rural children.Methods From April to June 2021,stratified cluster sampling was used to select 1246 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old in rural areas in central China.Peripheral blood of the ring finger was collected.Dietary behaviors regarding consumption of cereals and potatoes,fruits,vegetables,soy products,milk,animal foods,food diversity,and drinking water were investigated.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between anemia and dietary behaviors.Results The detection rate of anemia in rural children aged 3-6 in central China was 13.88%.The anemia detection rate of left-behind children(19.00%)was higher than that of non-left-behind children(11.27%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=13.93,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of left-behind children(OR=1.28,95%CI=1.16-1.56)with anemia was higher than that of non-left-behind children(P<0.01).Consumption of animal food intake≥3 times/week(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.69-0.91),and≥2 kinds of vegetables(OR=0.86,95%CI=0.71-0.93)were associated with lower rate of anemia(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of anemia in rural children aged 3-6 years in central China is relatively high,especially in left-behind children.Dietary literacy of caregivers should be further improved regarding increased intake of animal foods and vegetables to reduce the risk for anemia in preschoolers.