中国六省中小学生营养成分表知晓水平及相关因素分析

Awareness of nutrition labeling among primary and middle school students in six provinces of China

目的 了解中国六省中小学生营养成分表知晓水平及影响因素,为提升中小学生对营养成分表的知晓水平提供依据。方法 2020年7月—2021年3月使用自编问卷,采用多阶段分层抽样方法对中国六省/直辖市(北京、江苏、广东、黑龙江、河南、四川)72所学校的中小学生及其家长进行调查。2 499对经匹配的学生、家长被纳入分析,分别收集学生、家长的人口学特征,营养成分表的知晓水平及家长选择盐、糖、脂肪含量较低预包装食品的能力。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,分析与学生知晓营养成分表相关的主要因素。结果 学生营养成分表知晓率为78.2%(1 953/2 499)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,就读中学、居住在城市、家长年龄较大的学生更可能知晓营养成分表[OR值分别为1.54,1.32,1.60(家长年龄为41~45岁),1.45(家长年龄为>45岁),P值均<0.05];且学生家长对营养成分表的知晓水平与其孩子的知晓水平存在正相关(OR=1.28,P<0.05)。结论 中国六省/直辖市80%中小学生知晓营养成分表,且家长知晓水平与学生知晓水平密切相关,家长是学生营养教育的重要角色。

Objective To investigate the awareness of nutrition labeling and associated factors among primary and middle school students in six provinces of China, to provide a basis for improving the awareness level of nutrition table of primary and middle school students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among primary and secondary school students and their parents from 72 schools from six provinces by using the multi-stage stratified sampling strategy during July, 2020 to March 2021. A total of 2 499 parent-child dyads were included in the analysis, demographic characteristics and awareness of nutrition labeling of both parents and students, as well as parents’ ability to select healthy pre-packaged foods were collected by questionnaires. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic analysis were performed to explore associated factors related to awareness of the nutrition labeling. Results About 78.2%(1 953/2 499) of the students were aware of the nutrition labeling. Junior school students, urban students, students whose parents were older were more likely to be aware of the nutrition labeling [OR=1.54, 1.32, 1.60(parents aged from 41 to 45 years old), 1.45(parents aged above 45 years old), P<0.05]. Parental awareness of the nutrition labeling showed a positive association with students’ awareness(OR=1.28, P<0.05). Conclusion Nearly 80% of Chinese primary and middle school students in six provinces are aware of nutrition labeling, and the level of parental awareness is closely related to the level of students awareness. Parents play an important role in students’ nutrition education.