上海市青少年对电子烟认知的影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors on the perceptions of e-cigarette among adolescents in Shanghai

目的 了解上海市青少年对电子烟的认知情况及其影响因素,为青少年电子烟防控措施的制定和调整提供参考。方法 于2021年5—6月采用分层随机整群抽样对上海市7 456名中学生进行问卷调查,内容包括电子烟危害、自身益处、社会环境益处认知等。结果 青少年曾经和现在电子烟使用率分别为3.19%,1.09%。电子烟使用(OR=2.74,95%CI=2.10~3.59)、高中生(OR=1.47,95%CI=1.32~1.64)、家长(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.24~1.70)和朋友使用电子烟(OR=1.36,95%CI=1.20~1.54)为低电子烟危害认知的前4位风险因素;电子烟使用(OR=2.77,95%CI=1.97~3.89)、高中生(OR=2.11,95%CI=1.89~2.36)、朋友(OR=1.63,95%CI=1.42~1.87)和家长使用电子烟(OR=1.39,95%CI=1.18~1.65)为高电子烟自身益处认知的前4位风险因素;使用电子烟(OR=1.95,95%CI=1.47~2.59)、高中生(OR=1.73,95%CI=1.55~1.93)、朋友(OR=1.60,95%CI=1.40~1.82)和零花钱≥200元(OR=1.29,95%CI=1.17~1.43)为高电子烟社会环境益处认知的前4位风险因素。电子烟危害、自身益处和社会环境益处认知与未来可能会使用电子烟风险存在相关性(OR值分别为0.78,1.44,1.21,P值均<0.01)。结论 自身、朋友和家人使用电子烟及高中生是影响青少年电子烟认知的重要因素。电子烟的低危害认知和高益处认知均增加青少年未来使用电子烟的风险,需采取有效措施开展电子烟控烟教育及无烟环境建设。

Objective To assess the status of current e-cigarette perception and its influencing factors among adolescents in Shanghai, so as to provide reference for the refinement of the prevention and control measures of teenagers’ e-cigarette use. MethodsFrom May to June 2021, a stratified random cluster sampling was used to investigate 7 456 junior high and high school students in Shanghai. Harm and benefit perception of e-cigarette as well as its social-environment benefits were collected. Results The rate of adolescents’ ever and current e-cigarette use was 3.19% and 1.09%, respectively. The top four risk factors for low harm perception of e-cigarette were adolescent e-cigarette use(OR=2.74, 95%CI=2.10-3.59), high school students(OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.32-1.64), family members(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.24-1.70) and friends(OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.20-1.54) using e-cigarette. Adolescent e-cigarette use(OR=2.77, 95%CI=1.97-3.89), high school students(OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.89-2.36), friends(OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.42-1.87) and family members using e-cigarette(OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.18-1.65) were the top four associated factors for high benefit perception of e-cigarette. And, adolescent e-cigarette use(OR=1.95, 95%CI=1.47-2.59), high school students(OR=1.73, 95%CI=1.55-1.93), friends(OR=1.60, 95%CI=1.40-1.82) and pocket money≥200 yuan using e-cigarette(OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.17-1.43) were the top four risk factors for high social-environmental benefit perception of e-cigarette. Moreover, perception of e-cigarette harm, benefit and social-environmental benefit were associated with the risk of future use of e-cigarette(OR=0.78,1.44,1.21,P<0.01). Conclusion Being high school students and using e-cigarette by oneself, friends, and family members are the important influencing factors for adolescents’ e-cigarette perception. Both low-harm and high-benefit perception of e-cigarette elevate the risk of future e-cigarette use among adolescents, so effective measures should be taken to promote control education about e-cigarette and smoke-free environment construction.