北京市6~14岁儿童课余身体活动静态行为及睡眠现状

Leisure-time physical activity,sedentary behavior and sleep of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing

目的了解北京市6~14岁儿童课余身体活动、静态行为及睡眠时间现状,为指导学龄儿童合理进行身体活动及制定有效干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市3460名一、三、五及七年级中小学生进行营养与健康状况调查。通过问卷调查收集儿童及家庭的基本信息和儿童的身体活动、静态行为及睡眠等活动信息,并进行统计分析。结果儿童每日课余身体活动(LTPA)时间的中位数为20.0(8.6,38.6)min,郊区(18.6 min)和七年级儿童(14.3 min)相比城区及其他年级儿童LTPA时间更短(Z/H值分别为5.12,119.11,P值均<0.01)。儿童平均每日睡眠时间为(8.71±0.76)h,睡眠不足的儿童占比54.7%,随着年级的增加,睡眠不足发生率显著增加(χ^(2)=407.13,P<0.01)。学生每日静态行为时长中位数为195.7(145.0,255.7)min,84.5%的儿童每天有超过2 h的静态行为,城区(202.9 min)和肥胖儿童(210.4 min)相比郊区和其他体型儿童静态行为时间更长;且随着年级的升高,儿童每天的静态行为时长逐渐增加(Z/H值分别为5.04,14.83,637.98,P值均<0.01)。结论北京市6~14岁儿童课余身体活动时间较少,静态行为时间过长、睡眠不足的现象普遍存在;年级是儿童身体活动、静态行为及睡眠时间的重要因素,且儿童体型可能与其静态行为时长及睡眠时间相关。建议对不同年级儿童采取有针对性政策增加其身体活动,减少静态行为,以促进其健康发展。

Objective To describe the current situation of leisure-time physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep duration of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing,and provide a reference basis for guiding school-age children to carry out reasonable physical activities and formulating effective intervention measures.Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the nutritional and health status of 3460 students in the first,third,fifth and seventh grades.Through the questionnaire surveys,the basic information of children and families and the activity information of children’physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep were collected and statistically analyzed.Results The results showed that the median time of children’daily leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)was 20.0(8.6,38.6)min,children in suburb areas(18.6 min)and seventh grade(14.3 min)had shorter LTPA time(Z/H=5.12,119.11,P<0.01).The average daily sleep duration of children was(8.71±0.76)h,the proportion of school-age children with insufficient sleep reached 54.7%.With an increase in grades,the incidence of insufficient sleep increased significantly(χ^(2)=407.13,P<0.01).The median daily sedentary time of children was 195.7(145.0,255.7)min,and 84.5%of children engaged in more than two hours of sedentary behavior every day.Urban(202.9 min)and obese children(210.4 min)had longer sedentary behavior time,and with the increase in grade,the daily sedentary behavior time of children gradually increased(Z/H=5.04,14.83,637.98,P<0.01).Conclusion Children and adolescents aged 6-14 years in Beijing have less LTPA time,too much sedentary time,and insufficient sleep duration.Grade is an important factor affecting physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep duration of children,and body shape may be related to their sedentary behavior and sleep time.It is suggested that targeted policies should be adopted for children of different grades to increase their physical activity and reduce their sedentary behavior to promote their healthy development.