中国2010—2019年5个少数民族中学生体质健康状况及性别差异

Physical fitness and health status and gender differences of middle school students among five Chinese minorities during 2010 to 2019

目的 分析中国蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族和朝鲜族中学生体质健康状况及性别差异,为制定改善其体质健康干预措施提供理论依据。方法 基于2010,2014和2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,根据《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》定义体质健康优秀/优良标准。使用Cochran-Armitage趋势性检验分析体质健康状况变化趋势,使用χ^(2)检验和Logistic回归分析其性别和年度差异。结果 2010—2019年,蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族和朝鲜族学生体质健康优秀率分别从1.8%,0.7%,0.3%,0.5%和1.3%上升为4.3%,2.8%,1.2%,1.3%和3.5%,蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族和壮族学生优良率分别从12.9%,8.0%,7.2%,8.4%上升为24.7%,20.1%,12.6%,19.8%(Z值分别为6.15,6.71,4.12,3.06,5.26;11.88,13.42,6.70,11.08,P值均<0.05)。2019年,各民族13~15岁学生体质健康状况优于16~18岁学生,男生优于女生,但性别差异在10年间出现缩小趋势。结论 五大少数民族学生体质健康状况在2010—2019年间有所改善,且性别差异缩小,但距离国家提出的目标仍有较大差距。需要针对女生、16~18岁学生特点,进一步采取对应措施提高其体质健康水平。

Objective To analyze physical fitness and health status and gender differences of middle school students among 5 minorities(Mongolian, Hui, Uyghur, Zhuang and Korean), and to provide the theoretical basis for the strategy formulation. Methods The present data came from 3 waves of Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health(2010, 2014, and 2019). According to National Standards for Students’ Physical Health(2014 Revision), excellent, and excellent-good physical fitness and health status were defined. Cochran-Armitage test was used to examine the trends of physical fitness and health status. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the difference of physical fitness and health status by sex and survey year. Results From 2010 to 2019, the excellent physical fitness and health status rate of Mongolian, Hui, Uyghur, Zhuang and Korean students increased from 1.8%, 0.7%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.3% to 4.3%, 2.8%, 1.2%, 1.3% and 3.5%, respectively. The excellent-good physical fitness and health status rate of Mongolian, Hui, Uyghur and Zhuang students increased from 12.9%, 8.0%, 7.2% and 8.4% to 24.7%, 20.1%, 12.6% and 19.8%(Z=6.15,6.71,4.12,3.06,5.26;11.88,13.42,6.70,11.08,P<0.05), respectively. In 2019, students aged 13 to 15 years showed higher proportion of excellent/excellent-good physical fitness and health status than that of students aged 16 to 18. Boys were more likely to be in excellent/excellent-good physical fitness and health status than girls from 2010 to 2019. The sex difference in excellent/excellent-good physical fitness and health status narrowed during 2010 and 2019. Conclusion Physical fitness and health status of minority students improved while sex difference narrowed during last decade, but there is still a long way to reach the goal proposed by China. Targeted intervention should be proposed to promote physical fitness and health status in accordance with the developmental characteristics, especially for girls and students aged 16 to 18 years.