儿童龋齿流行现状及其对颌骨功能的影响

Epidemiology of dental caries and its influences on jaw function in children

目的 了解儿童龋齿的流行病学特征及龋齿发生后对患儿颌骨功能的影响,为早期预防儿童颌骨发育异常提供参考。方法 2020年10月,采用便利抽样法抽取北京市5所幼儿园和3所小学中共860名儿童作为研究对象进行口腔检查,参照第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准制定调查问卷,包括人口信息、饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯、口腔保健等内容,分析儿童龋齿的流行病学特征及龋齿发生后对患儿颌骨功能的影响。结果 有190名儿童患有龋齿,检出率为22.09%。儿童发生龋齿与年龄、居住地、父母受教育水平、是否睡前进食、是否喜食甜食、开始刷牙年龄、每日刷牙频次、父母是否辅助刷牙、是否定期口腔检查、父母是否接受过口腔健康指导有关(χ^(2)值分别为5.04,4.70,75.37,7.91,12.03,9.30,7.64,255.47,253.27,11.38,P值均<0.05)。与非龋齿组相比[(81.52±3.16,80.54±1.52,1.92±0.25,31.52±1.62,33.63±3.41,50.72±1.68)°],龋齿组上牙槽座点角、下齿槽座角、上牙槽到下牙槽座点角、下颌平面角、前颅底平面与下颌平面夹角、上颌长度[(78.62±2.11,79.35±1.02,1.68±0.32,30.69±0.45,32.15±3.02,48.62±1.21)°]均较低(t值分别为78.62,79.35,10.94,30.69,32.15,48.62,P值均<0.05)。结论 儿童龋齿发生率较高,且龋齿发生后患儿颌骨结构异常,在一定程度上影响颌骨功能。建议早期开展儿童龋病防治工作和加强口腔疾病防治的宣教工作。

Objective To understand and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function, so as to prevent occurrence of abnormality of jaw function. Methods In October 2020, 860 cases of children from 5 kindergartens and 3 primary schools in Beijing were selected by adopting the convenience sampling method. All of them received oral examination, and the questionnaire according to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey standard, including demographic information, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, oral health care, etc. The epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function were analyzed. Results A total of 190 children had dental caries, with a dental caries incidence rate of 22.09%. Dental caries in children’s deciduous teeth or permanent teeth was related to age, residence, parents’ education level, whethe to eat before going to bed, whether eating sweet food, tooth brushing age, daily brushing frequency, whether parents have assisted tooth brushing, whether regular oral examination, whether parents have received oral health guidance(χ^(2)=5.04,4.70,75.37,7.91,12.03,9.30,7.64,255.47,253.27,11.38,P<0.05). Compared with the non-caries group[(81.52±3.16,80.54±1.52,1.92±0.25,31.52±1.62,33.63±3.41,50.72±1.68)°], the sella-nasion-A point(SNA), sella-nasion-B point(SNB),A point-nasion-B point(ANB),frankfot horizontal mandibular plane angle(FH-MP),skull nasion mandibular plane angle(SN-MP),anteriors relationship palataplane mandibular(Ptm-ANS) decreased in the dental caries group[(78.62±2.11,79.35±1.02,1.68±0.32,30.69±0.45,32.15±3.02,48.62±1.21)°](t=78.62,79.35,10.94, 30.69, 32.15, 48.62, P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of caries in children was high and jaw structure abnormalities and dysfunction. It is suggested that caries prevention and control work should be carried out early to strengthen the prevention and control of oral disease education work.