长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲现状及影响因素

Spinal curvature and associated factors among middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta Region

目的了解长三角地区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲状况及其影响因素,为儿童青少年脊柱弯曲的预防和干预提供参考和帮助。方法2021年9—11月,采用分层整群抽样方法在长三角地区的安徽、江苏、上海、浙江对8246名中学生进行脊柱弯曲检查及影响因素的问卷调查。结果长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲检出率为8.46%。女生(9.82%)高于男生(7.20%);城市(10.77%)高于郊区(4.94%);初中生(6.65%)低于高中生(10.34%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为18.25,86.75,36.26,P值均<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,城市(OR=2.58,95%CI=1.72~3.86)、电子设备使用时长≥3 h/d(OR=1.61,95%CI=1.14~2.29)、近距离用眼时的休息间隔≥1 h(OR=1.42,95%CI=1.01~1.97)、户外活动时长<2 h/d(OR=1.84,95%CI=1.26~2.69)与中学生脊柱弯曲的发生均呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。结论长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲检出率较高,与视屏时间、近距离用眼、户外活动时间等有关。应加强教育和引导,降低脊柱弯曲的检出率。

Objective To understand the prevalence and associated factors of spinal curvature in children and adolescents in the Yangtze River Delta Region and to provide reference and help for the prevention and intervention of spinal curvature in children and adolescents.Methods From September to November 2021,8246 middle school students in Anhui,Jiangsu,Shanghai,and Zhejiang provinces in the Yangtze River Delta Region were selected by stratified cluster sampling for spinal curvature assessment and questionnaire survey.Results The detection rate of spinal curvature in middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta was 8.46%.Girls(9.82%)were significantly higher than boys(7.20%)(χ^(2)=18.25,P<0.01),and students from urban area(10.77%)was significantly higher than that of suburban area(4.94%)(χ^(2)=86.75,P<0.01).Junior high school students(6.65%)were significantly lower than high school students(10.34%)(χ^(2)=36.26,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area(OR=2.58,95%CI=1.72-3.86),time usage of electronic equipment≥3 h/d(OR=1.61,95%CI=1.14-2.29),break between near work for more than 1 h(OR=1.42,95%CI=1.01-1.97)and outdoor activity<2 h/d(OR=1.84,95%CI=1.26-2.69)were positively correlated with the occurrence of spinal curvature(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of spinal curvature in middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta is relatively high,which is related to time spent on screen,near work and outdoor activity.Education and guidance should be strengthened to reduce the detection rate of spinal curvature.