首重京畿:顺直庚子地方赔款的筹付与转变

Putting Priority on the Capital Region: The Collection and Transformation of the Boxer Local Indemnity Payment in Shuntianfu and Zhili

义和团运动后各省需自行赔偿部分教会、教民的损失,这笔赔款为庚子地方赔款。因顺天府、直隶大部分地区被联军占领,在联军与教会催要赔款的压力下,各州县官员自行议结教案,故顺直地方赔款在各省中数额最巨。京城内教案赔款由清廷拨款200万两支付,京外各州县赔款起初皆由各地自筹,百姓拒交赔款并爆发了抗洋捐运动。朝野官员由此关注顺直地方赔款,并上奏请求清廷拨款代偿,清廷最终决议再由各省调拨200万两垫付。顺直地方赔款善后一事反映了清政府此时维持畿辅安稳、力图两宫尽早回銮的政治意图。

After the Boxer Movement, some provinces needed to compensate the losses of churches and local Christians. This indemnity was known as the Boxer Local Indemnity. Local officials of Shuntian prefecture and Zhili province handled missionary cases on their own because most of the province’s territory was captured by the Allied Forces. As a result, the Boxer Local Indemnity in Shuntian prefecture and Zhili province was the largest of all the provinces. While the Qing government allocated 2 million taels to pay for the indemnity in Beijing, the prefectures and counties outside the capital were initially self-funded, and the people’s refusal to pay led to an anti-foreign indemnity movement in Zhili. Officials were thus concerned about the reparations in Shuntianfu and Zhili and requested appropriations from the Qing government. The Qing government finally decided to allocate another 2 million taels from other provinces to pay the indemnities. The Shuntianfu and Zhili Boxer Local Indemnity payment procedure was also consistent with the political goals of the Qing government,which included preserving peace in the capital region and rapidly returning to Beijing.