2005-2021年盐城市盐都区突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergency in Yandu district, Yancheng city from 2005 to 2021

目的 分析盐都区2005-2021年突发公共卫生事件流行特征,客观评估突发公共卫生事件预警预测效能,为今后突发公共卫生事件防控提供依据。方法 收集盐都区2005-2021年报告的所有突发公共卫生事件相关信息,采用描述性统计方法分析突发公共卫生事件流行特征。结果 2005-2021年盐都区累计报告突发公共卫生事件相关信息65起,波及人口79 976人,发病2 484人,总体罹患率3.1%,未发生死亡病例。一般级别突发公共卫生事件25起,占38.5%;未定级40起,占61.5%;丙类传染病40起,占61.5%;学校报告事件55起,占84.5%;呼吸道传播疾病报告48起,占73.9%,出现流行“春峰”和“秋冬峰”,呈双峰分布。常见突发公共卫生事件主要有水痘暴发疫情21起,占32.3%;流行性感冒暴发疫情20起,占30.7%,流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情6起,占9.2%;手足口病4起,占6.1%。结论 当前盐都区报告的突发公共卫生事件以学校托幼机构常见传染病为主,均为未分级和一般事件;应继续做好学校托幼机构因病缺课、症状监测等基础工作,大力推广特定人群流感、手足口病、水痘、腮腺炎疫苗接种。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Yandu district from 2005 to2021, objectively evaluate the early warning and prediction efficiency of public health emergencies, and provide the reference for formulating relevant prevention and control measures. Methods Relevant information about all public health emergencies reported from 2005 to 2021 was collected, and a descriptive statistical analysis method was used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies. Results From 2005 to 2021, a total of 65 public health emergencies were reported in Yandu district, involving a population of 79,976, the overall attack rate was 3.1%, and no deaths occurred. The events included 25 events of “general(level IV)”, accounting for 38.5%, 40 events with undefined level, accounting for 61.5%, 40events of class C infectious diseases, accounting for 61.5%, and 55 school reported events, accounting for 84.5%. There were 48events of respiratory transmitted diseases, accounting for 73.9%, and there were two epidemic peaks, "spring peak" and "autumn and winter peak", showing a bimodal distribution. Common public health emergencies were varicella outbreak(21 events,32.3%), influenza outbreak(20 events, 30.7%), mumps(6 events, 9.2%) and hand, foot and mouth disease(4 events, 6.1%).Conclusion The public health emergencies reported in Yandu district commonly result from infectious diseases in schools and nurseries, and are mainly unclassified and general events. We should continue to do well the basic work of school nurseries such as absence due to illness, symptom monitoring, etc., and the vaccination of influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease, chickenpox and mumps should be vigorously promoted for specific groups.