2021年河南省某农村环境卫生现状调查

Survey on the environmental sanitation in a village of Henan in 2021

目的 掌握河南省某农村环境卫生状况,评估农村环境相关健康危害因素,为下一步该村实施乡村振兴规划和建设提供科学依据。方法 通过查阅资料、现场调查、采样、实验室检测等方法选择17户家庭作为调查户,2021年采集调查点的农田土壤样品(2份)以及该村水厂的出厂水(2份)和末梢水(7份),并填写统一调查表格。结果 该村家庭厕所类型以卫生厕所为主,580户(56.6%)。集中式供水人口覆盖率达100%。调查的17户农户家庭中,生活垃圾产生量为人均0.53公斤/天;14户家庭的饮水习惯为饮用开水,占82.4%。采集的出厂水和末梢水其水质常规指标均低于标准限值,水质合格率达100%。农田土壤中,铅、镉、铬的浓度值均低于风险筛选值,提示该村农用地土壤污染风险低。结论 该村整体环境卫生状况基本良好,需提高卫生厕所普及率和垃圾、污水处理率。

Objective To understand the current status of environmental sanitation and health hazards in a village of Henan,evaluate the rural environmental sanitation status, and provide scientific basis for the village’s implementation of rural revitalization planning in the next step. Methods In 2021, 17 households were selected for the survey interviewees;2 soil samples from farmland at the survey site, 2 samples of the finished water and 7 tap water from the village’s water plant were collected, and a unified survey form was filled in. Results Sanitary toilet was the main type of household toilets in the village,with a total of 580 households, accounting for 56.6%. The population coverage rate of concentrated water supply was 100%.Among the 17 households surveyed, the amount of domestic waste generated per capita was 0.53 kg/day, and 14 households drunk boiled water, accounting for 82.4%. The regular indices of the finished water and tap water samples were all lower than the standard limit, and the qualified rate of water quality for the samples was 100%. The concentrations of lead, cadmium and chromium were all lower than the risk screening values, indicating that the risk of heavy metal pollution in the agricultural land of the area was low. Conclusion Overall, the environmental sanitation in the village is basically good. It is proposed to improve the coverage rate of sanitary toilets and the disposal rate of garbage and sewage.