2019-2021年成都市郫都区重点职业病危害因素监测分析

Analysis of monitoring results of key occupational hazard factors in Pidu district of Chengdu from 2019-2021

目的 了解成都市郫都区辖内企业重点职业病危害因素的浓度/强度水平及企业职业卫生管理情况,为职业病防治工作提供依据。方法 通过现场调查收集辖区企业基本信息及职业健康监护情况等资料,通过现场监测、实验室检测获取企业职业病危害因素的浓度/强度数据,监测结果采用SPSS 20.0软件进行分析。结果 2019-2021年共监测企业152家,累计共存在7种职业病危害因素,其中噪声为最主要职业病危害因素类型。粉尘和噪声作业点位超标率较高,分别是34.69%和26.54%。企业职业病危害因素定期检测率为77.63%,接害工人职业健康体检率为42.79%。不同企业规模中,大中型企业检测岗位和点位超标率最高,分别为18.70%、19.39%;不同行业企业中制造业检测岗位和点位超标率最高,分别为17.60%、17.75%,不同规模和行业检测岗位和点位超标率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 成都市郫都区辖区内企业接害岗位的噪声强度及粉尘、苯、二甲苯的浓度超标率较高,作业场所职业病危害因素定期检测和职业健康体检工作总体情况不佳,卫生行政部门应加大对企业的监管力度,督促企业做好职业卫生管理。

Objective To understand the concentration/intensity level of key occupational disease hazard factors in enterprises within the Pidu district of Chengdu and the status of occupational health management in enterprises, so as to provide the evidence for the supervision of occupational disease prevention and control. Methods The basic information and occupational health monitoring of enterprises in the district were collected through field investigation. The concentration/intensity data of occupational hazard factors in enterprises were obtained through field monitoring and laboratory testing. The monitoring results were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results A total of 152 enterprises were monitored from 2019 to 2021, with a total of 7occupational hazard factors, among which noise was the most common type of occupational hazard factors. The over-standard rates of dust and noise were 34.69% and 26.54%, respectively. The regular detection rate of occupational hazard factors in enterprises was 77.63%, and the occupational health examination rate of exposed workers was 42.79%. Among different enterprise sizes, the over-standard rates of detection posts and points in large and medium-sized enterprises were the highest,18.70% and 19.39% respectively. Among enterprises in different industries, the over-standard rates of manufacturing detection positions and points were the highest, which are 17.60% and 17.75%, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences in the over-standard rates of detection positions and points in different scales and industries(P<0.05). Conclusion The noise intensity and concentration of dust, benzene and xylene in enterprises in the jurisdiction of Chengdu’s Pidu district are at a high over-standard rate, and the status of regular detection of occupational hazard factors in the workplace and occupational health examination is poor. Therefore, health administration departments should increase supervision of enterprises and urge them to do a good job in occupational health management.