挪威大学学术质量评估制度的改革与反思

Reforms and Reflections on the Norwegian Uni-versities Academic Quality Assessment Systems

近四十年来,提升学术质量成为挪威大学学术评估制度改革的主旋律,相应学术质量评估制度建设历经探索期、建制期、成熟期三个阶段。与学术质量评估制度改革历程同步,演化出了同僚管治的学术型评估,行政规制的政策型评估,多元共治的混合型评估三大质量评估模式。在国际宏观、中观政策、微观组织三重环境“过滤器”的共同作用下,挪威大学学术质量评估改革形成。有效平衡学术质量评估实践的趋同压力、公共问责、学术自主的多元冲突,应平衡共性竞争与本土需求的张力,调和行政规制与学术自主的矛盾,搭建组织管理与学术活动的中介。

Academic quality has been the main theme of the reform of the academic assessment system in Norwegian universities for the past forty years,and the construction of the academic quality assessment system is embedded in the vein of quality reform in Norwegian higher education,and has gone through a major process of exploration,establishment and maturity.In line with this process of change,three main models have evolved:academic assessment with peer governance,policy-based assessment with administrative regulation,and mixed assessment with multiple governance.The reform of academic quality assessment in Norwegian universities has emerged through a triple'filter'of international macro background,meso-policy and micro-organizations.Effective balancing of the multiple conflicts between common competition,public accountability and internal autonomy in academic quality assessment practices should balance the tension between common competition and local needs,reconcile the contradictions between administrative regulation and academic autonomy,and bridge the mediation between organizational management and academic activities.