生物炭材料在海洋石油类污染修复中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of biochar materials in the remediation of marine petroleum pollution

时有发生的溢油事故以及沿海陆源输入性的石油污染会对海洋生态系统造成短期或长期的危害.生物炭是一种原料来源广、低成本、环境友好的富含碳的材料,是解决全球废弃物碳足迹问题的重要措施.近年来,基于生物炭的海洋石油烃修复材料被广泛关注.因此,本文将详细介绍生物炭的制备及生物炭材料在海洋石油烃修复中的应用.生物炭的制备过程中,其理化性质主要受原料类型、热解速率、热解温度和热解时间的影响.生物炭的高孔隙率和丰富的表面官能团,使其具有溢油吸附的巨大潜力.为提高溢油吸附效率,酸改性、磁改性和疏水改性等方法常用来改善生物炭的性质.此外,生物炭基气凝胶因其独特的吸附性能,也得到了广泛的研究和关注.除在水环境适用外,利用生物炭还可对沉积物中的石油烃进行封存和修复,以减少其扩散和生物利用度.多孔、富含营养元素的特点使生物炭可以作为固定化材料来固定石油烃降解菌,以减少海洋环境条件对微生物的冲击,保证菌剂的降解效率.综上,生物炭具备的各种优异性质使其在海洋石油污染修复中具有广阔的应用前景.因此,生物炭实际应用的不足及自身存在的某些性质问题,是此后生物炭的研究重点,应当给予更多的关注.

Oil spills and the pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons from coastal land sources can cause short-term or long-term damage to marine ecosystems.Biochar is a carbon-rich material with a wide source of raw materials,low cost,and environmental friendliness.And it is an important measure to solve the global waste carbon footprint problem.In recent years,biochar materials for the remediation of marine oil pollution have attracted extensive attention.As a result,this paper discusses in great depth how biochar is prepared and used in the remediation of marine petroleum hydrocarbon pollution.In the preparation process of biochar,its physical and chemical properties are mainly affected by the type of raw materials,pyrolysis rate,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis time.The high porosity and abundant surface functional groups of biochar make it have great potential for oil spill adsorption.In order to improve the oil spill adsorption efficiency,methods such as acid modification,magnetic modification,and hydrophobic modification are commonly used to improve the properties of biochar.Furthermore,biochar-based aerogels have received extensive research and attention due to their unique adsorption properties.Except in aquatic environments,biochar can be used to cap and remediate petroleum pollution in sediments to reduce diffusion and bioavailability.Biochar is porous and nutrient-rich,which can be used as an carrier material to immobilize petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria,to reduce the impact of marine environmental conditions on microorganisms and ensure the degradation efficiency of hydrocarbon.In summary,the various excellent properties of biochar make it have broad application prospects in the remediation of marine oil pollution.Therefore,the deficiencies in the practical application of biochar and some of its problems are the focus of biochar research in the future,and more attention and attention should be paid to it.