内质网硒蛋白与糖脂代谢异常研究进展

Endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins in metabolic disorders of glucose and lipids:recent progress

糖尿病、血脂异常、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肥胖症、代谢综合征等糖脂代谢异常性疾病(简称“糖脂代谢病”)是当前威胁人类健康的突出公共卫生问题。在细胞水平,内质网作为脂质和甾醇生物合成、胞内钙池、蛋白质翻译后修饰等活动的重要细胞器,其稳态失衡和功能障碍将影响糖脂代谢。硒作为人体必要的微量元素,主要以25种硒蛋白广泛参与机体生理功能,其中至少有9种硒蛋白主要位于内质网膜上或其腔内;尤其是脱碘酶、硒蛋白N、硒蛋白S和硒蛋白T等硒蛋白与内质网和糖脂代谢有关的研究在近几年受到了相对较多的关注。该文将综述该领域的研究进展,籍此启发未来研究。

Glucose and lipid metabolic disorders(GLMDs),including diabetes,dyslipidemia,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,obesity,metabolic syndrome,etc.,are prominent public health problems that threaten human health.At the cellular level,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is an important organelle for lipid and sterol biosynthesis,intracellular calcium stores,and post-translational modifications of proteins.Its homeostasis imbalance and dysfunction will affect the metabolisms of glucose and lipids.Selenium,as an essential trace element,is widely involved in the human’s physiological functions mainly through 25 kinds of selenoproteins.Among them,at least 9selenoproteins are predominantly located on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or in its lumen.Especially,deiodinases,selenoprotein N,selenoprotein S,and selenoprotein T related to ER and GLMDs have received relatively more attention in recent years.This article will review the progress in the field,aiming to provide inspiration for the future studies.