《民法典》价款担保权:规范基础、体系统合及规则适用

Security Rights in Prices in the Civil Code:Normative Basis, Systematic Unification and Application of Rules

比较法视阈中,价款担保权是制衡在先浮动担保权人“位势垄断”的特殊保护手段,《民法典》第416条首次引入价款抵押权制度,《担保制度司法解释》第57条将超级优先效力扩张适用至所有权保留和融资租赁中。价款抵押权是对所有权保留的功能化厘革,动产抵押、所有权保留与融资租赁构成购置融资担保的交易形式,三者具有相近的实践功能和制度价值。价款担保权应作为购置融资担保多元交易形式的制度统合,其体系建构应当回应形式主义和功能主义的双重要求。价款担保权的功能化整合服务于不同交易形式下设立、公示、顺位及实现的规则统一,包括对抗范围向固定担保的适当扩张、担保主债权与担保物价款的绝对对应、担保物交付后十日内办理登记的设立规则以及超级优先顺位的统一适用。

In the comparative law context,a security right in prices is a special protection against the"monopoly of position"of a prior floating security right holder.Mortgage of prices was first introduced by Article 416 of the Civil Code and extended to retention of title and financial leases by Article 57 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Security Regime.Mortgage of prices is a functional modification of a retention of title.The chattel mortgage,retention of title and financial lease constitute a form of acquisition financing security transaction and all three have similar practical functions and institutional value.A security right in the price should be the institutional unification of multiple transaction forms of acquisition financing security and its system should be constructed in response to the dual requirements of formalism and functionalism.The functional integration of a security right in the price serves to unify the rules of creation,publicity,subordination and realization under different forms of transactions,including the appropriate expansion of the scope of antagonism to fixed security,the absolute correspondence between the secured principal claim and the price of the collateral,the creation rule of registration within ten days of delivery of the collateral and the uniform application of super-priority subordination.