改革开放以来初中德育教科书话语的变迁逻辑与未来体系建构

The Logic Change and Future System Construction of Discourse of Moral EducationTextbooks in Junior High School since the Reform and Opening Up

教科书话语是社会文化尤其是社会价值观念的主要载体,是促进学生学习必备知识,形成健康的情感、态度和价值观的重要来源。我国改革开放以来初中德育教科书的话语变迁呈现出从“精英”到“平民”、从“理论”到“实践”、从“知识”到“人本”、从“规训”到“体验”、从“教本”到“学本”的演进逻辑,始终将培养有道德的人作为其价值目标,坚持学科逻辑、生活逻辑与成长逻辑的统一。构建未来德育教科书话语体系,需要从价值性、成长性、经典性和生活性入手,坚持立德树人根本任务,秉持守正创新精神,尊重学生品德发展规律;在注重教科书恒久价值的基础上,倡导重视学生个体的体验性,关注学生生活世界和生命成长,以实现将学生培养成为担当民族复兴大任的时代新人的价值目标。

Textbook discourse is the main carrier of social culture,especially social values.It is an important source to promote students to learn essential knowledge and form healthy emotions,attitudes and values.Since the reform and opening up in China,the discourse changes of the moral education textbooks for junior high schools have presented an evolutionary logic from"[KG-0.5mm]elite"to"[KG-0.5mm]civilian",from"[KG-0.5mm]theory"to"[KG-0.5mm]practice",from"[KG-0.5mm]knowledge"to"[KG-0.5mm]human-oriented",from"[KG-0.5mm]discipline"to"[KG-0.5mm]experience",and from"[KG-0.5mm]teaching-based book"to"[KG-0.5mm]learning-based book",it always takes cultivating moral people as its value goal and adheres to the unity of discipline logic,life logic and growth logic.To construct the discourse system of future moral education textbooks,it is necessary to start from the value,growth,classicality and life,adhere to the fundamental task of fostering morality and cultivating people,uphold the spirit of integrity and innovation,respect the law of students′moral development,advocate focusing on students′individual experience,pay attention to students′life world and life growth on the basis of attaching importance to the lasting value of textbooks,and strive to cultivate the new generation who can take on the great task of the national rejuvenation.