喀斯特山区生态系统服务权衡/协同时空分异研究——以云南广南县为例

Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Ecosystem Service Synergy/Trade-Offs in the Mountainous Karst Areas:A Case Study of Guangnan County,Yunnan,China

人类活动影响喀斯特山区生态系统服务功能。喀斯特山区生态系统服务权衡/协同作用及时空差异特征分析,是指导山区生态恢复及保护的重要依据。当前针对中国喀斯特山区的相关研究多以生态系统服务权衡/协同关系的时间变化为主,较少对权衡/协同关系变化的空间异质性及空间可视化进行研究,难以全面揭示各类服务间的复杂关系。本研究以云南喀斯特山区广南县为例,采用模型评估及相关分析等方法对六种生态系统服务进行评估,分析其时空变化、空间异质性和权衡/协同变化关系。结果表明:(1)2000—2018年,年均食物供给量和文化价值量呈逐年增加趋势,年均产水量、土壤保持量和固碳价值量呈先减少后增加趋势,年均生境质量呈逐年下降趋势。(2)空间上,食物供给量、文化价值量和产水量呈中部和中南部增加较多的特征,而土壤保持量与其呈大致相反的趋势,固碳价值量和生境质量空间上呈东部增加较多的趋势。(3)自相关关系上,各生态系统服务全局Moran s I指数大小为:固碳>食物供给>土壤保持>产水>文化>生境支持服务,生境支持服务在空间上呈离散化状态,而其他服务均呈集聚分布特征,且空间分异以不显著区和低-低区集群分布为主。(4)权衡/协同关系的时间变化格局上,生境支持服务-固碳释氧相关性为高度正相关,协同性系数最高,而产水-土壤保持相关性为中度负相关,权衡性系数最低;空间变化格局上,食物供给-产水、文化-固碳间空间分布均为协同关系,产水-土壤保持、固碳-产水均为权衡关系。空间格局整体以协同关系为主,权衡区与协同区空间分布有所差异。生态系统服务相关性及权衡/协同分析,有助于对研究区自然资源进行宏观调控,缓解经济发展与生态保护的矛盾。研究结果丰富了喀斯特山区生态系统恢复这一领域研究内容,有利于促进广南县资源环境的协调发展。

The disturbance of human activities in fragile ecosystems in karst mountainous areas affects and changes the local ecological service functions.The trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services and their spatiotemporal differentiation can be used to guide ecological restoration and conservation in the mountainous karst areas.Most research on the mountainous karst areas focused on the temporal changes of the trade-off/synergistic relationships of ecosystem services,but less on the spatial heterogeneity and spatial visualization,making it difficult to fully reveal the complex relationships among various services.In this study,model assessment and correlation analysis were used to assess six ecosystem services in Guangnan county,a mountainous karst region in Yunnan of China,and then to analyze their spatiotemporal changes,spatial heterogeneity and trade-off/synergistic relationships.Results:(1)From 2000 to 2018,there had been a yearly increase in the average annual food supply and cultural value;the average annual water yield,soil conservation and carbon sequestration value decreased first and then increased;the average annual habitat quality decreased year by year.(2)Spatially,the food supply,cultural value and water yield increased more in the central and south-central parts of the county,whereas soil conservation had an opposite trend,and carbon sequestration value and habitat quality increased more in the east.(3)As to autocorrelation,the global Moran s I index of each ecosystem service was carbon sequestration>food supply>soil conservation>water yield>culture>habitat support services.The habitat support services were spatially discrete,whereas all other services were clustered,whose spatial differentiation were dominated by“insignificant”zones and“low-low”aggregation distribution.(4)In the temporal pattern of trade-off/synergistic relationships,the correlation between habitat support services and carbon sequestration and oxygen release was highly positive with the highest synergistic coefficient,while the correlation between water production and soil conservation was moderately negative with the lowest trade-off coefficient;as to the spatial pattern,the spatial distribution of food supply-water production and culture-carbon sequestration were all synergistic relationships,while water yield-soil conservation and carbon sequestration-water yield were all trade-off relationships.The overall spatial pattern was governed by synergistic relationships,with differences in the spatial distribution of trade-off and synergistic areas.Our research achievement of ecosystem service correlation and trade-off/synergy can help to macro-regulate natural resources in the study area and eliminate the dilemma of economic development and ecological conservation.This research provides new insights into the discipline of karst mountain ecosystem restoration,and particularly help to directly manage the coordinated development of resources and environment in Guangnan county.